Chlidonias hybridus (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Charadriiformes
Subordo: Lari
Familia: Laridae
Subfamilia: Sterninae
Genus: Chlidonias
Species: Chlidonias hybrida
Subspecies: C. h. delalandii – C. h. hybrida – C. h. javanicus
Name
Chlidonias hybrida (Pallas, 1811)
Synonyms
Sterna hybrida (protonym)
Chlidonias hybridus, orth. err.
References
Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica 2: 338.
Vernacular names
български: Белобуза рибарка
brezhoneg: Stêrwennel jodoù gwenn
català: Fumarell carablanc
čeština: Rybák bahenní
dansk: Hvidskægget Terne
Deutsch: Weißbart-Seeschwalbe
English: Whiskered Tern
Esperanto: Vilvanga ŝterno
español: Fumarel cariblanco
suomi: Valkoposkitiira
français: Guifette moustac
galego: Gaivina de cara branca
magyar: Fattyúszerkő
հայերեն: Ջրածիծառ սպիտակաայտ
日本語: クロハラアジサシ
한국어: 구레나루제비갈매기
lietuvių: Baltaskruostė žuvėdra
മലയാളം: കരി ആള
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Camar Bermisai
Nederlands: Witwangstern
norsk: Hvitkinnsvartterne
polski: Rybitwa białowąsa
português: Gaivina-de-faces-brancas
slovenčina: Rybár bahenný
svenska: Skäggtärna
தமிழ்: மீசை ஆலா
Türkçe: Bıyıklı sumru
中文: 须浮鸥
The whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek khelidonios, "swallow-like", from khelidon, "swallow". The specific hybridus is Latin for hybrid; Pallas thought it might be a hybrid of white-winged black tern and common tern, writing "Sterna fissipes [Chlidonias leucopterus] et Hirundine [Sterna hirundo] natam”.[2]
This bird has a number of geographical races, differing mainly in size and minor plumage details.
C. h. hybrida breeds in warmer parts of Europe and the Palearctic (northwestern Africa and central and southern Europe to southeastern Siberia, eastern China and south to Pakistan and northern India). The smaller-billed and darker C. h. delalandii is found in east and south Africa, and the paler C. h. javanicus from Java to Australia.
The tropical forms are resident, but European and Asian birds winter south to Africa and the Indian Subcontinent. A tagged whiskered tern was spotted at Manakudi Bird Sanctuary, Kanniyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India in the month of April 2021.[3]
This species breeds in colonies on inland marshes, sometimes amongst black-headed gulls, which provide some protection. The scientific name arises from the fact that this, the largest marsh tern, show similarities in appearance to both the white Sterna terns and to black tern.
Description
Whiskered tern in flight
The size, black cap, strong bill (29–34 mm in males, 25–27 mm and stubbier in females, with a pronounced gonys) and more positive flight recall common or Arctic tern, but the short, forked-looking tail and dark grey breeding plumage above and below are typically marsh tern characteristics. The summer adult has white cheeks and red legs and bill. The crown is flecked with white in the juvenile, and the hindcrown is more uniformly blackish, though in the winter adult this too is flecked with white. The black ear-coverts are joined to the black of the hindcrown, and the space above is mottled with white, causing the black to appear as a C-shaped band. The sides of the neck are white; this sometimes continues across the nape. The collar is less sharply defined. All through the year the rump is pale grey. In the juvenile, the mantle (279 mm) has a variegated pattern. The feathers of the back and scapulars are dark brown, with prominent broad buff edgings and often subterminal buff bars or centers. There is usually an admixture of new gray feathers, especially on the mantle, quite early in the fall. The mantle is silvery-gray in the adult. The call is a characteristic krekk.
In winter, the forehead becomes white and the body plumage a much paler grey. Juvenile whiskered terns have a ginger scaly back, and otherwise look much like winter adults. The first winter plumage is intermediate between juvenile and adult winter, with patchy ginger on the back.
The whiskered tern eats small fish, amphibians, insects and crustaceans.
oeufs de Chlidonias hybrida - Muséum de Toulouse
oeufs de Chlidonias hybrida hybrida - Muséum de Toulouse
References
BirdLife International (2017). "Chlidonias hybrida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22694764A111750380. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22694764A111750380.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 102, 196. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Two Tagged migratory birds spotted in salt pans in Manakudy bird reserve, The Hindu, Thiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Edition, India, pp4, 12.04.2021. thehindu.com
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