Chalcomitra senegalensis

Chalcomitra senegalensis (*)

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Nectariniidae
Genus: Chalcomitra
Species: Chalcomitra senegalensis
Subspecies: C. s. acik – C. s. gutturalis – C. s. lamperti – C. s. proteus – C. s. saturatior – C. s. senegalensis
Name

Chalcomitra senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonymy

Certhia senegalensis (protonym)
Nectarinia senegalensis

References

Systema Naturae ed.12, 1 (1): 186.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Rooiborssuikerbekkie
български: Аленогръда нектарница
català: Suimanga de pit escarlata
čeština: Strdimil senegalský
dansk: Skarlagenbrystet Solfugl
Deutsch: Rotbrust-Glanzköpfchen
English: Scarlet-chested Sunbird
español: Suimanga pechiescarlata
suomi: Ruusurintamedestäjä
français: Souimanga à poitrine rouge
magyar: Bíbormellű nektármadár
italiano: Nettarinia pettoscarlatto
日本語: ヒムネタイヨウチョウ
Nederlands: Roodborsthoningzuiger
norsk: Skarlagenbrystsolfugl
polski: Nektarnik szkarłatny
português: Beija-flor-de-peito-escarlate
русский: Яркокрасногрудая нектарница
slovenčina: Nektárovka červenoprsá
svenska: Karmosinbröstad solfågel
Kiswahili: Neli gunda
українська: Нектарець червоноволий

The scarlet-chested sunbird (Chalcomitra senegalensis) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, and from South Sudan to South Africa.[2]
Range

It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Description

The scarlet-chested sunbird is similar to Hunter's sunbird in appearance, with adult males having a characteristic red–scarlet coloured breast and an iridescent green patch on top of its head. The female is dark brown with no supercilium. It inhabits woodland and gardens, at elevations of up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft).[3] The bird is around 13–15 centimetres (5.1–5.9 in) in length, with males having a weight of 7.5–17.2 grams (0.26–0.61 oz) and females weighing 6.8–15.3 grams (0.24–0.54 oz).[2]
Taxonomy
Scarlet-chested sunbird song
Duration: 27 seconds.0:27
Song recorded in Northern Transvaal, South Africa
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In 1760, the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the scarlet-chested sunbird in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name Le grimpereau violet du Sénégal and the Latin Certhia Senegalensis Violacea.[4] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[5] When the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition in 1766, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[5] One of these was the scarlet-chested sunbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Certhia senegalensis and cited Brisson's work.[6] This species is now placed in the genus Chalcomitra that was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853.[7] Six subspecies are recognised.[8]

References

BirdLife International (2018). "Chalcomitra senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22717770A131979279. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22717770A131979279.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"Scarlet-chested Sunbird - Chalcomitra senegalensis - Birds of the World". birdsoftheworld.org. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
Nigel Redman; Terry Stevenson; John Fanshawe (2016). Birds of the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Socotra (Revised and Expanded ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-691-17289-7. Archived from the original on 2024-02-28. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 660–661, Plate 34 fig 2. Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2018-05-10. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 186. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Vol. 6. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. 277. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.