Carpodacus erythrinus

Carpodacus erythrinus (*)

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea

Familia: Fringillidae
Subfamilia: Carduelinae
Genus: Carpodacus
Species: Carpodacus erythrinus
Name

Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770)
Synonymy

Loxia erythrina Pallas, 1770 (original combination)
Erythrina erythrina (Pallas, 1770)

References
Primary references

Pallas, P.S. 1770. Novi commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae 14(1): 587, pl. 23 fig. 1. BHL

Links

IOC.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Сачыўка звычайная
български: Червена чинка
brezhoneg: Beran skarlek
čeština: Hýl rudý
dansk: Karmindompap
Deutsch: Karmingimpel
English: Common Rosefinch
español: Camachuelo Carminoso
eesti: Karmiinleevike
suomi: Punavarpunen
français: Roselin cramoisi
magyar: Karmazsinpirók
հայերեն: Ոսպնուկ սովորական
italiano: Ciuffolotto scarlatto
日本語: アカマシコ
lietuvių: Raudongalvė sniegena
Nederlands: Roodmus
norsk nynorsk: Rosenfink
norsk: Rosenfink
polski: Dziwonia
português: Pintarroxo-vermelho
русский: Обыкновенная чечевица
саха тыла: Тыллаах чыычаах
slovenčina: Hýľ karmínový
српски / srpski: Руменка (Rumenka)
svenska: Rosenfink
Türkçe: Bayağı çütre
українська: Турок звичайний

The common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) or scarlet rosefinch is the most widespread and common rosefinch of Asia and Europe.
Taxonomy

In a molecular phylogenetic study of the finch family published in 2012, Zuccon and colleagues found that the common rosefinch fell outside the core Carpodacus rosefinch clade and was a sister to the scarlet finch (at the time Haematospiza sipahi). They recommended that the common rosefinch should be moved to a new monotypic genus with the resurrected name of Erythrina.[2] The British Ornithologists' Union accepted this proposal,[3] but the International Ornithological Union chose instead to adopt a more inclusive Carpodacus that retained the common rosefinch in the rosefinch genus.[4]

The genus name is from Ancient Greek karpos, "fruit" and dakno, "to bite", and the specific erythrinus is from Latin erythros, "red".[5]
Description
Song of common rosefinch

The common rosefinch is 13–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length.[6] It has a stout and conical bill. The mature male has brilliant rosy-carmine head, breast and rump; heavy bill; dark brown wings with two indistinct bars, and a white belly. Females and young males are dull-colored with yellowish-brown above, brighter on the rump and greyer on head; buff below.

Adults moult in their winter quarters, between September and November. After moulting the red of male is subdued, and becomes brighter during the winter due to wear of the feathers.[7]

A rare form exists, in which the red colouring of males is replaced by yellow. The cause is environmental, rather than genetic, being affected by diet and the presence of parasites.[8]
Distribution and habitat

It has spread westward through Europe; in recent decades, it has been observed in Portugal,[9] even breeding in England once. Common rosefinches breed from the Danube valley, Sweden, and Siberia to the Bering Sea; the Caucasus, northern Iran and Afghanistan, the western Himalayas, Tibet and China; to Japan between latitudes 25° and 68°. In winter they are found from southern Iran to south-east China, India, Burma, and Indochina. It occurs as a vagrant in Sri Lanka.

They are found in summer in thickets, woodland and forest edges near rivers and in winter in gardens and orchards, wetlands and locally in dry oak woods.[citation needed]
Behaviour
A clutch of eggs
Footage of several males

The nest is placed low in a bush. The eggs are dark blue with coarse dark brown spots, and a typical clutch contains five eggs.[citation needed]
References

BirdLife International (2017). "Carpodacus erythrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22720556A111130806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22720556A111130806.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
Sangster, George; Collinson, J. Martin; Crochet, Pierre-André; Knox, Alan G.; Parkin, David T.; Votier, Stephen C. (2013). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: ninth report". Ibis. 155 (4): 898–907. doi:10.1111/ibi.12091.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 92, 149. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Clement, P.; Christie, D.A. (2014). "Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, Sargatal; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.comros.01. S2CID 226003706. Retrieved 12 July 2015.(subscription required)
RSPB Hansbook of British Birds (2014). UK ISBN 978-1-4729-0647-2
Harrop, Andrew H. J. (December 2023). "Yellow Common Rosefinches". British Birds. 116 (12): 732–734.
"Pintarroxo-vermelho: Carpodacus erythrinus". avesdeportugal.info. Retrieved 13 November 2020.