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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Aequornithes
Ordo: Pelecaniformes
Familia: Ardeidae
Subfamilia: Ardeinae
Genus: Butorides
Species: Butorides striata
Subspecies: B. s. actophila – B. s. albolimbata – B. s. amurensis – B. s. atricapilla – B. s. brevipes – B. s. crawfordi – B. s. degens – B. s. flyensis – B. s. idenburgi – B. s. javanica – B. s. macrorhyncha – B. s. moluccarum – B. s. papuensis – B. s. patruelis – B. s. rhizophorae – B. s. rutenbergi – B. s. solomonensis – B. s. spodiogaster – B. s. stagnatilis – B. s. steini – B. s. striata
Name
Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonymy
Ardea striata (protonym)
References
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 144 BHL Reference page.
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Groenrugreier
العربية: بلشون أخضر الظهر
български: Ивичеста чапла
भोजपुरी: कांचा बकुला
brezhoneg: Kerc'heiz rizennek
català: Martinet estriat
Cymraeg: Crëyr cefnwyrdd
Deutsch: Mangrovereiher
English: Striated Heron
Esperanto: Striardeo
español: Garcita azulada
euskara: Koartzatxo marradun
فارسی: حواصیل حرا
suomi: Kyyryhaikara
français: Héron strié
Avañe'ẽ: Hoko'i
עברית: אנפה ירוקת-גב
magyar: Mangrovegém
Bahasa Indonesia: Kokokan laut
italiano: Airone striato
日本語: ササゴイ
ქართული: მწვანე ყანჩა
한국어: 검은댕기해오라기
lietuvių: Žaliasis naktikovas
മലയാളം: ചിന്നക്കൊക്ക്
Bahasa Melayu: Burung Puchong Keladi
नेपाली: छोटाखुट्टे बकुल्ला
Nederlands: Mangrovereiger
norsk: Krabbehegre
polski: Czapla zielonawa
پنجابی: ہری کمر آلا ہیرون
português: Socozinho
русский: Зелёная кваква
svenska: Mangrovehäger
தமிழ்: சிறிய பச்சைக் கொக்கு
lea faka-Tonga: Motuku siʻi
Türkçe: Yeşil sırtlı balıkçıl
українська: Чапля мангрова
Tiếng Việt: Cò xanh
中文: 绿鹭
The striated heron (Butorides striata) also known as mangrove heron, little heron or green-backed heron, is a small heron, about 44 cm tall. Striated herons are mostly non-migratory and noted for some interesting behavioral traits. Their breeding habitat is small wetlands in the Old World tropics from west Africa to Japan and Australia, and in South America and the Caribbean. Vagrants have been recorded on Oceanic islands, such as Chuuk and Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marianas and Palau; the bird recorded on Yap on February 25, 1991, was from a continental Asian rather than from a Melanesian population, while the origin of the bird seen on Palau on May 3, 2005 was not clear.[2]
This bird was long considered to be conspecific with the closely related North American species, the green heron, which is now usually separated as B. virescens, as well as the lava heron of the Galápagos Islands (now B. sundevalli, but often included in B. striata, e.g. by BirdLife International[3]); collectively they were called "green-backed herons".
The bird can also be found in Bolivia around the town of Riberalta in the Beni Department and specifically in the Aquicuana Reserve.
Description and ecology
Butorides striata Orto botanico di Pamplemousses Mauritius 0069.jpg
Adults have a blue-grey back and wings, white underparts, a black cap, a dark line extends from the bill to under the eye and short yellow legs. Juveniles are browner above and streaked below.
These birds stand still at the water's edge and wait to ambush prey, but are easier to see than many small heron species. They mainly eat small fish, frogs and aquatic insects. They sometimes use bait, dropping a feather or leaf carefully on the water surface and picking fish that come to investigate.[4]
They nest in a platform of sticks measuring between 20–40 cm long and 0.5–5 mm thick. The entire nest measures some 40–50 cm wide and 8–10 cm high outside, with an inner depression 20 cm wide and 4–5 cm deep. It is usually built in not too high off the ground in shrubs or trees but sometimes in sheltered locations on the ground, and often near water. The clutch is 2–5 eggs, which are pale blue and measure around 36 by 28 mm.[5]
An adult bird was once observed in a peculiar and mysterious behavior: while on the nest, it would grab a stick in its bill and make a rapid back-and-forth motion with the head, like a sewing machine's needle. The significance of this behavior is completely unknown: While such movements occur in many other nesting birds where they seem to compact the nest, move the eggs, or dislodge parasites, neither seems to have been the case in this particular striated heron.[5]
Young birds will give a display when they feel threatened, by stretching out their necks and pointing the bill skywards. How far this would deter predators is not known.[5]
Widespread and generally common, the striated heron is classified as a species of least concern by the IUCN; this holds true whether the lava heron is included in B. striata or not.[3]
References
Notes
BirdLife International (2016). "Butorides striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22728182A94973442. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728182A94973442.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Wiles et al. (2000), VanderWerf et al. (2006)
BLI (2008)
Norris (1975), Boswall (1983), Walsh et al. (1985), Robinson (1994)
Greeney & Merino M. (2006)
Sources
Boswall, J. (1983): Tool-using and related behavior in birds: more notes. Avicultural Magazine 89: 94–108.
Greeney, Harold F. & Merino M., Paúl A. (2006): Notes on breeding birds from the Cuyabeno Faunistic Reserve in northeastern Ecuador. Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología 16(2): 46–57. PDF fulltext
Norris, D. (1975): Green Heron (Butorides virescens) uses feather lure for fishing. American Birds 29: 652–654.
Robinson, S.K. (1994): Use of bait and lures by Green-backed Herons in Amazonian Peru. Wilson Bulletin 106(3): 569–571
Walsh, J.F.; Grunewald, J. & Grunewald, B. (1985): Green-backed Herons (Butorides striatus) possibly using a lure and using apparent bait. J. Ornithol. 126: 439–442.
Wiles, Gary J.; Worthington, David J.; Beck, Robert E. Jr.; Pratt, H. Douglas; Aguon, Celestino F. & Pyle, Robert L. (2000): Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, with a Summary of Raptor Sightings in the Mariana Islands, 1988–1999. Micronesica 32(2): 257–284. PDF fulltext
VanderWerf, Eric A.; Wiles, Gary J.; Marshall, Ann P. & Knecht, Melia (2006): Observations of migrants and other birds in Palau, April–May 2005, including the first Micronesian record of a Richard's Pipit. Micronesica 39(1): 11–29. PDF fulltext
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