Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Accipitriformes
Familia: Accipitridae
Subfamilia: Buteoninae
Genus: Buteogallus
Species: Buteogallus anthracinus
Subspecies: B. a. anthracinus – B. a. cubanensis – B. a. subtilis – B. a. utilensis
Name
Buteogallus anthracinus (Deppe, 1830)
References
"Preis-Verzeichniss der Saugethier, Vogel, Amphibien, Fishe, und Krebse, welche von den Herren Deppe und Scheide in Mexico gessammelt worden ... p.3 "
Vernacular names
čeština: káně tmavá
dansk: Sortvåge
Deutsch: Krabbenbussard
English: Common black hawk
español: Busardo negro, busardo-negro norteño, gavilán batista, gavilán cangrejero, copete prieto
eesti: kaldaviu
suomi: mustahaukka
français: Buse noire
italiano: Poiana nera comune
日本語: クロノスリ, kuronumawashi
Nederlands: Zwarte Buizerd
norsk: Kullvåk
polski: czarnostrząb leśny
português do Brasil: Gavião-caranguejeiro-negro
português: Gavião-caranguejeiro-negro
русский: Чёрный крабовый канюк
slovenčina: myšiak antracitový
svenska: Mindre svartvråk
中文: 黑鸡鵟
The common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks, and Old World vultures.
Contents
1 Description
1.1 Subspecies
2 Distribution and habitat
3 Behaviour
3.1 Breeding
3.2 Feeding
4 Status and conservation
5 References
6 Bibliography
7 External links
Description
The adult common black-hawk is 43–53 cm (17–21 in) long and weighs 930 g (33 oz) on average. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black or dark gray. The short tail is black with a single broad white band and a white tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow. The adults resemble zone-tailed hawks, but have fewer white bars on their tail and are larger in size.
Sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff to whitish with dark blotches, and the tail has a number of black and white bars.
Subspecies
It formerly included the Cuban black-hawk (Buteogallus gundlachii) as a subspecies. The mangrove black hawk, traditionally considered a distinct species, is now generally considered a subspecies, B. a. subtilis, of the common black-hawk.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The common black-hawk is a breeding bird in the warmer parts of the Americas, from the Southwestern United States through Central America to Venezuela, Peru, Trinidad, and the Lesser Antilles. It is a mainly coastal, resident bird of mangrove swamps, estuaries and adjacent dry open woodland, though there are inland populations, including a migratory population in north-western Mexico and Arizona.
Behaviour
Breeding
The bird builds a platform nest of sticks fifteen to one hundred feet above the ground in a tree, often a mangrove. Nests are often reused and tend to grow bigger. It lays one to three eggs (usually one), which are whitish with brown markings.
It has hybridized naturally with the red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) in Sonoma County, California, USA.[4] This natural hybridization between different genera of hawks is rare.
Feeding
It feeds mainly on crabs (especially land crabs),[5][6] but will also take small vertebrates (such as fish, frogs, snakes and young birds)[5][6] and eggs. The common black hawk also supplements its diet with a variety of insects, including grasshoppers and caterpillars.[5][6] This species is often seen soaring, with occasional lazy flaps, and has a talon-touching aerial courtship display. The call is a distinctive piping spink-speenk-speenk-spink-spink-spink.
Status and conservation
The common black hawk is protected in the far north of its range (in the USA) under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.[7]
References
BirdLife International (2020). "Buteogallus anthracinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22735514A169000910. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22735514A169000910.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
Clark, W.S. (2007). "Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 127 (2): 110–117.
Moore S, Coulson JO (March 2020). "Intergeneric hybridization of a vagrant Common Black Hawk and a Red-shouldered Hawk". Journal of Raptor Research. 54 (1): 74–80. doi:10.3356/0892-1016-54.1.74. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
"Buteogallus anthracinus (Common Black Hawk)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
Steinw, Jeremy. "Buteogallus anthracinus (common black hawk)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
"Migratory Bird Treaty Act Protected Species". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Bibliography
Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
Howell, Steve N.G.; Webb, Sophie (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
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