Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Euornithes
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Ornithurae
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Ordo: Gruiformes
Familia: Gruidae
Subfamilia: Balearicinae
Genus: Balearica
Species (2 + 2†): B. pavonina - B. regulorum – †B. exigua – †B. rummeli
Name
Balearica Brisson, 1760
Typus
Ardea pavonina Linnaeus, 1758 = Balearica pavonina
Synonymy
Basityto Mlikovsky, 1998
References
Primary references
Brisson, M.J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés. A laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espece, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms qu'ils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Ouvrage enrichi de figures en taille-douce. Tome I. - pp. j-xxiv [= 1-24], 1-526, j-lxxiij [= 1-73], Pl. I-XXXVII [= 1-37]. Paris. (Bauche). Original description p.48 BHL Reference page. T.5, p.511 BHL Illustration pl.XLI BHL
References
Mourer-Chauviré, C. 2001. The systematic position of the genus Basityto Mlikovsky, 1998 (Aves: Gruiformes: Gruidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 114(4): 964–971. BHL Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Crowned cranes
suomi: Kruunukurjet
日本語: カンムリヅル属
ไทย: นกกระเรียนมงกุฎ, นกกระเรียนหัวมงกุฎ
The bird genus Balearica (also called the crowned cranes) contains two extant species in the crane family Gruidae: the black crowned crane (B. pavonina) and the grey crowned crane (B. regulorum).[1]
The species today occur only in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, and are the only cranes that can nest in trees. This habitat is one reason the relatively small Balearica cranes are believed to closely resemble the ancestral members of the Gruidae.
Like all cranes, they eat insects, reptiles, and small mammals.
Taxonomy
The genus Balearica was erected by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina) as the type species.[2][3][4] The name is from the Latin Baliaricus for "of the Balearic Islands".[5]
The crane family (Gruidae) is divided into the subfamily Gruinae of typical cranes and the subfamily Balearicinae of crowned cranes.[6]
Extant Species
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
_captive_(32172262143).jpg/120px-Black_Crowned_Crane_(Balearica_pavonina)_captive_(32172262143).jpg) |
B. pavonina | black crowned crane | Africa south of the Sahara |
 |
B. regulorum | grey crowned crane | east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Uganda, Angola south to South Africa |
Fossil record
Crowned cranes seem to have been more widespread prehistorically. Compared to the true cranes, genus Grus, which were always common in the Holarctic and adjacent regions, the present genus appears to have had a more Atlantic distribution, ranging into Europe and North America; it is not known from the fossil record of Asia.
Balearica rummeli (Early Miocene of Germany) – formerly Basityto
Balearica excelsa (Early–Middle Miocene of France) – formerly Grus and Ornithocnemus
Balearica exigua (Miocene of Nebraska)
References
"ITIS Report: Balearica". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 154.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Volume 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 48.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Volume 5. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 511.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
global A network of scientists and conservationists (1 February 2013). "The Cranes: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: Evolution and Classification". U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
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