Aythya

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes

Familia: Anatidae
Subfamilia: Anatinae
Genus: Aythya
Species: A. affinis – A. americana – A. australis – A. baeri – A. collaris – A. ferina – – A. innotata – A. marila – A. novaeseelandiae – A. nyroca – A. valisineriaA. fuligula

Name

Aythya F. Boie, 1822
Typus

Anas marila Linnaeus, 1761, Lapland, = Aythya marila

References

Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817: 308, 351.

Vernacular names
English: Pochards & scaup
suomi: Sotkat
français: Fuligules
日本語: ハジロ属
português: Zarro
русский: (Обыкновенные) нырки
中文: 潜鸭属

Aythya is a genus of diving ducks. It has twelve described species. The name Aythya comes from the Ancient Greek word αυθυια (authuia), which may have referred to a sea-dwelling duck or an auklet.[1]

Aythya shihuibas was described from the Late Miocene of China. Zelenkov (2016) transferred the species Anas denesi Kessler (2013), known from the late Miocene of Hungary, to the genus Aythya.[2] An undescribed prehistoric species is known only from Early Pleistocene fossil remains found at Dursunlu, Turkey;[3] it might however be referrable to a paleosubspecies of an extant species considering its age (see also Greater scaup).

The Miocene[verification needed] "Aythya" arvernensis is now placed in Mionetta, while "Aythya" chauvirae seems to contain the remains of two species, at least one of which does not seem to be a diving duck.[4]

The genus Aythya was introduced in 1822 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie. The type species is the greater scaup.[5][6]

Aythya species

The genus contains 12 species.[7]

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution	Conservation status
	A. valisineria	Canvasback	North America	least concern
	A. ferina	Common pochard	Northern Europe into Asia	vulnerable
	A. americana	Redhead	North America, from as far north as Northern Canada to the lower United States	least concern
	A. collaris	Ring-necked duck	Northern United States and Canada	least concern
	A. australis	Hardhead	Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific	least concern
	A. baeri	Baer's pochard	Southeast Russia and northeast China, migrating in winter to southern China, Vietnam, Japan, and India	critically endangered
	A. nyroca	Ferruginous duck	From Iberia and the Maghreb east to western Mongolia, south to Arabia	near threatened
	A. innotata	Madagascar pochard	Madagascar	critically endangered
	A. novaeseelandiae	New Zealand scaup	New Zealand	least concern
	A. fuligula	Tufted duck	Throughout temperate and northern Eurasia; occasional visitor to the United States and Canada	least concern
	A. marila	Greater scaup	Alaska, northern Canada, Siberia, and the northernmost reaches of Europe	least concern
	A. affinis	Lesser scaup	Alaska through western Canada to western Montana, Central America	least concern

Phylogeny

Based on the Taxonomy in Flux from John Boyd's website.[8]

(Nyroca)   ?A. baeri (Radde 1863) (Baer's pochard)     ?A. innotata (Salvadori 1894) (Madagascan pochard)     A. nyroca (Güldenstädt 1769) (Ferruginous duck)     A. australis (Eyton 1838) (Hardhead)       (Aristonetta)   A. americana (Eyton 1838) (Redhead)       A. ferina (Linnaeus 1758) (Common pochard)     A. valisineria (Wilson 1814) (Canvasback)       (Aythya)     A. affinis (Eyton 1838) (Lesser scaup)     A. marila (Linnaeus 1761) (Greater scaup)         ?A. novaeseelandiae (Gmelin 1789) (papango; New Zealand scaup)     ?A. collaris (Donovan 1809) (Ring-necked duck)     A. fuligula (Linnaeus 1758) (Tufted duck)