Avocettula recurvirostris

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Superordo: Caprimulgimorphae
Ordo: Apodiformes

Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Trochilinae
Genus: Avocettula
Species: Avocettula recurvirostris
Name

Avocettula recurvirostris (Swainson, 1822)

Type locality: Peru, error = designated Cayenne, French Guiana.

Synonyms

Trochilus recurvirostris (protonym)
Anthracothorax recurvirostris (Swainson, 1822)

Vernacular names
English: Fiery-tailed Awlbill
español: Mango picolezna
português: Beija-flor-de-bico-virado

The fiery-tailed awlbill (Avocettula recurvirostris) is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae, the mangoes. It is found in Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[3][4][5]

Taxonomy and systematics

The fiery-tailed awlbill is the only member of genus Avocettula and has no subspecies.[3] The genus had earlier been merged into Anthracothorax.[6]
Description

The fiery-tailed awlbill is 8 to 10 cm (3.1 to 3.9 in) long and weighs about 4.3 g (0.15 oz). Its unique bill is short with a dramatically upturned tip. The adult male has green upperparts. Its throat is shiny emerald green and the belly shiny emerald green with a black center. The top of the tail is violet but for all-green central feathers. The adult female also has green upperparts. Its underparts are white with a black stripe down the middle. Its tail is bluish black and the outer feathers have white tips. Juveniles are similar to the adult female but the underside of the tail is coppery red.[7]
Distribution and habitat

The fiery-tailed awlbill is found in Amazonia, from southeastern Venezuela east through the Guianas into northern Brazil and south into Brazil as far west as Acre and as far east as Maranhão and Tocantins. There is also a disjunct population along the Napo River in eastern Ecuador.[7] The species has been recorded as a vagrant in Colombia.[4]

The fiery-tailed awlbill primarily inhabits open savanna-like areas in primary forest where it favors vegetation near granite outcrops. It can also be found at the edges of low vegetation near rivers, semi-deciduous forest, and cerrado.[7]
Behavior
Movement

The fiery-tailed awlbill is believed to be sedentary.[7]
Feeding

The fiery-tailed awlbill is a "trap-line" feeder, visiting a circuit of flowering plants to collect nectar. It favors Clusia and Dioclea shrubs, and feeds both by inserting its bill into flowers and by piercing the base of flowers to "rob" nectar. It also catches arthropods on the wing and by gleaning from the underside of leaves.[7][8][9]
Breeding

The fiery-tailed awlbill's breeding season varies across its range. It is known to span from September to December in Suriname and there are records from July in northern Brazil and French Guiana. The female builds a small cup nest of soft plant materials and spider silk on a horizontal branch, usually between 5 and 12 m (16 and 39 ft) above the ground. The female alone incubates the clutch of two eggs.[7][10]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to fiery-tailed awlbill on xeno-canto
Vocalization

The fiery-tailed awlbill's song has not been recorded. Its call is "a series of 'tsik' notes" and is given in flight or while hovering.[7]
Status

The IUCN originally assessed the fiery-tailed awlbill as Near Threatened but since 2004 has rated it as being of Least Concern. Its population size is unknown and is believed to be decreasing.[1] It is widespread but "generally considered rare" and has restricted habitat requirements. It does occur in several protected areas.[7]
References

BirdLife International (2018). "Fiery-tailed Awlbill Avocettula recurvirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22687146A130118659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22687146A130118659.en. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Schuchmann, K.L., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Fiery-tailed Awlbill (Avocettula recurvirostris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.fitawl1.01 retrieved January 15, 2022
Robinson, Scott K; Barlow, Jos; Şekercioğlu, Çağan H; Sodhi, Navjot S (2011-03-23), "Ecological Functions of Birds in the Tropics", Conservation of Tropical Birds, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 68–108, doi:10.1002/9781444342611.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-4261-1, retrieved 5 March 2021
Whelan, Christopher J.; Şekercioğlu, Çağan H.; Wenny, Daniel G. (2015). "Why birds matter: from economic ornithology to ecosystem services". Journal of Ornithology. 156 (S1): 227–238. doi:10.1007/s10336-015-1229-y. ISSN 2193-7192. S2CID 17567370.
Johnson, Sibylle. "Fiery-tailed Awlbills | Beauty of Birds". www.beautyofbirds.com. Retrieved 5 March 2021.