Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Telluraves
Cladus: Australaves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Tyranni
Infraordo: Tyrannides
Parvordo: Furnariida
Superfamilia: Furnarioidea
Familia: Furnariidae
Genus: Asthenes
Species: Asthenes moreirae
Name
Asthenes moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1906)
Holotype:
Type locality: Morro Redondo, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Synonyms
Synallaxis moreirae (protonym)
Oreophylax moreirae — Hellmayr, in Cory & Hellmayr, 1925 : 74 [New combination]
Schizoeaca moreirae — Sick, 1985: 502 [New combination]
Asthenes moreirae — Derryberry, Claramunt, O'Quin, Aleixo, Chesser, Remsen Jr. & Brumfield, 2010 [New combination]
References
Primary references
Miranda Ribeiro, A. 1906. Vertebrados do Itatiaya (Peixes, Serpentes, Saurios, Aves e Mammiferos). Resultados de excursões do Sr. Carlos Moreira, Assistente de Secção de Zoologia do Museu Nacional. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 13: 165–190. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Cory, C.B. & Hellmayr, C.E. 1925. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands, Part IV, Furnariidae - Dendrocolaptidae. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 234, Zoological Series. 13: 1–390. BHL Reference page.
Sick, H. 1985. Ornitologia brasileira: uma introdução. Brasília, Ed. Univ. Brasília, 827p. Reference page.
Derryberry, E., Claramunt, S., O’Quin, K.E., Aleixo, A., Chesser, R.T., Remsen Jr., J.V. & Brumfield, R.T. 2010. Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae). Zootaxa 2416: 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2416.1.4. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Links
Asthenes moreirae in Avibase .
BirfLife: Itatiaia Thistletail Asthenes moreirae
Xeno-Canto: Asthenes moreirae
WikiAves: Garrincha-chorona Asthenes moreirae
Vernacular names
English: Itatiaia Thistletail, Itatiaia Spinetail
español: Pizcuiz de Itatiaia
português do Brasil: Garrincha-chorona
The Itatiaia spinetail (Asthenes moreirae), also known as the Itatiaia thistletail, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
The Itatiaia spinetail was long placed in the monotypic genus Oreophylax and by some authors in Schizoeaca, but genetic data published in 2011 places it and all other members of Schizoeaca firmly in Asthenes.[3] It has no subspecies.[2]
Description
The Itatiaia spinetail is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 10 to 11 g (0.35 to 0.39 oz). It is one of the smaller members of its genus. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dull brown face, sometimes with a faint paler eyering. Their crown, upperparts, wings, and tail are uniformly dark brown. Their tail feathers lack most barbs at the end, giving them a spiny appearance. Their chin and throat are pale dingy buff with a tawny ochraceous patch in the center of the latter. Their underparts are pale buffy brown that is palest in the center of the belly and browner on the flanks. Their iris is brown, their maxilla blackish, their mandible brownish horn, and their legs and feet dark grayish. Juveniles have a smaller throat patch than adults and their breast has some brown barring.[4][5]
Distribution and habitat
The Itatiaia spinetail is found in the mountains of southeastern Brazil's Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Espírito Santo states. It is named for Serra do Itatiaia and also occurs in Serra do Caraça and Serra dos Órgãos. It inhabits semi-humid to humid montane scrublands, Chusquea bamboo thickets, and areas of tall grass near scrub. It usually occurs above tree line, from 1,850 to 2,800 m (6,100 to 9,200 ft).[4][5]
Behavior
Movement
The Itatiaia spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.[4]
Feeding
The Itatiaia spinetail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes small fruits in its diet. It usually forages in pairs, sometimes in groups of three, staying near the ground. It gleans prey from foliage and branches and sometimes is quite acrobatic when foraging.[4]
Breeding
The Itatiaia spinetail makes an oval nest of moss with some twigs around the outside and an entrance near the top. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.[4]
Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.
Songs and calls
Listen to Itatiaia spinetail on xeno-canto
Vocalization
The Itatiaia spinetail's song is an "accelerating series of extr. high, slightly rising notes 'you-tee-wiwiwiwi' ". Its call is a "low 'piuw' ".[5]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the Itatiaia spinetail as being of Least Concern. It has a restricted range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. Stresses to its habitat due to climate change are expected to adversely affect the species.[1] It is considered uncommon to locally fairly common and occurs in two national parks. "Burning of timber-line ecotone vegetation a major threat".[4]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Itatiaia Spinetail Asthenes moreirae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22702266A93866254. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22702266A93866254.en. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
Derryberry, E. P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R. T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J. V. Remsen, Jr., and R. T. Brumfield. (2011). Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65(10):2973–2986. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x
Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Itatiaia Spinetail (Asthenes moreirae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.itaspi1.01 retrieved September 26, 2023
van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
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