Anhima cornuta (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes
Familia: Anhimidae
Genus: Anhima
Species: Anhima cornuta
Name
Anhima cornuta (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonymy
Palamedea cornuta (protonym)
References
Linnaeus, C. 1766. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Tomus 1 (Regnum Animale), Pars 1: 1–532. Holmiæ [Stockholm]. Impensis Direct Laurentii Salvii. p. 232 BHL Reference page.
Vernacular names
български: Рогата паламедея
català: Xahà banyut
čeština: Kamiš růžkatý
Cymraeg: Sgrechwr corniog
Deutsch: Hornwehrvogel
English: Horned Screamer
Esperanto: Korna kriulo
español: Aruco
فارسی: فریادکش شاخدار
français: Kamichi cornu
עברית: קמיקי מקרין
magyar: Egyszarvú csája
italiano: Kaimichi cornuto
日本語: ツノサケビドリ
lietuvių: Raguotoji palamedėja
Nederlands: Anioema
norsk: Horngjeterfugl
Diné bizaad: Zéézhinii bitsiiʼ łizhinígíí
polski: Skrzydłoszpon rogaty
پنجابی: اچا چیکنا پنچھی
português: Anhuma
română: Anhima cu corn
русский: Рогатая паламедея
svenska: Hornvärnfågel
українська: Паламедея
中文: 角叫鴨
The horned screamer (Anhima cornuta) is a member of a small family of birds, the Anhimidae, which occurs in wetlands of tropical South America. There are three screamer species, the other two being the southern screamer and the northern screamer in the genus Chauna. They are related to the ducks, geese and swans, which are in the family Anatidae, but have bills looking more like those of game birds.
Contents
1 Taxonomy
2 Description
3 Call
4 Distribution, habitat and behavior
5 Breeding
6 As a symbol
7 Footnotes
8 References
9 External links
Taxonomy
Already known in the 17th century,[2] the horned screamer was described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae. He introduced the binomial name Palamedea cornuta.[3] The horned screamer is now the only species placed in the genus Anhima that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[4][5] The specific epithet cornuta is the Latin word for "horned".[6] The German naturalist Georg Marcgrave had used the Latin name Anhima in 1648 for the horned screamer in his Historia naturalis Brasiliae.[7] The name was from the word for the bird in the Tupi language of South America.[8]
Description
The horned screamer is a massive 84–95 cm (33–37.5 in) long, 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) bird, with a small chicken-like bill. The upperparts, head, and breast are black, with white speckles on the crown, throat and wing coverts. There is a long spiny structure projecting forward from the crown. This structure is unique among birds and is not derived from a feather but is a cornified structure that is loosely attached to the skull and grows continuously while often breaking at its tip.[9] This gives this species its name. It has very long and lanky legs and three large toes in each. The belly and under wing coverts are white. It has two sharp spurs on its wings and feet which are only partially webbed.
Call
The horned screamer's call, as the name suggests, is a very loud echoing sound.[10] It is called "el clon-clon" in Ecuador because of this peculiar feature.[citation needed]
Distribution, habitat and behavior
The horned screamer is found in lowlands from Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana.[11] It has been possibly extirpated from Trinidad.[1] Despite having declined locally, it remains widespread and is fairly common overall. Its range in Brazil appears to have expanded in recent years. Screamers, like most birds, tend to group together, but are for the most part semi-social. The existence of the screamer is rather sedentary.[12] It lives in well-vegetated marshes and feeds on water plants.
Breeding
Its nest is a large pile of floating vegetation anchored in shallow water. Three olive-brown eggs are laid, and the young, like those of most Anseriformes, can run as soon as they are hatched.
As a symbol
The horned screamer is the official bird of both the Department of Arauca and the Municipality of Arauca in Colombia, as well as a symbol of the National Reserve of Churute in Ecuador. The department and its capital are named after the bird, which is called arauco or aruco in Spanish.
The bird appears in the arms of Tietê, Brazil.[13]
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2016). "Anhima cornuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22679723A92826187. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679723A92826187.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Grew, Nehemiah (1681). Rarities belonging to the Royal Society, p.65.
Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 232.
Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 48, Vol. 5, p. 518.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Screamers, ducks, geese, swans". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
Marcgrave, Georg (1648). Historia naturalis Brasiliae (in Latin). Vol. Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus. Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 215.
Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
Stettenheim, Peter R. (2000). "The Integumentary Morphology of Modern Birds—An Overview". American Zoologist. 40 (4): 461–477. doi:10.1093/icb/40.4.461.
Lodge Amazon (2015-03-21), Horned Screamers Loud, archived from the original on 2021-12-22, retrieved 2018-11-19
Clements, J. (2007)
Piland, Natalia (2010-07-07). "Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta)". Neotropical Birds. doi:10.2173/nb.horscr1.01.
"camaratiete.com". Archived from the original on 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2006-10-01.
References
Clements, James, (2007) The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World, Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Hilty, Steven, L. (2003) Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
