Anas luzonica, Photo: Duncan Wright (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Pangalloanserae
Cladus: Galloanseres
Ordo: Anseriformes
Familia: Anatidae
Genus: Anas
Species: Anas luzonica
Name
Anas luzonica Fraser, 1839
References
PZS Pt.7 79: 113.
Vernacular names
čeština: Kachna filipínská
English: Philippine Duck
español: Ánade filipino
français: Canard des Philippines
italiano: Anatra delle Filippine
日本語: アカノドカルガモ
Nederlands: Filipijnse eend
norsk: Filippinerand
中文: 棕頸鴨
The Philippine duck (Anas luzonica) is a large dabbling duck of the genus Anas. Its native name is papan. It is endemic to the Philippines. As few as 5,000 may remain. Overhunting and habitat loss have contributed to its decline.
It eats shrimp, fish, insects, and vegetation, and it frequents all types of wetlands.[2]
Taxonomy
The Philippine duck is a dabbling duck and a member of the genus Anas. It has no subspecies and so it is monotypic.[3] It belongs to the Pacific clade of Anas along with the koloa, the Laysan duck, the Pacific black duck, and the extinct Mariana mallard.[4]
The scientific name comes from the Latin Anas, 'duck' and the Philippine island Luzon.
It is known in the Philippines as papan.
Description
The Philippine duck is a large conspicuous duck. It has a black crown, nape and eye stripe, with a cinnamon head and neck. The rest of its body is greyish brown with a bright green speculum. Its legs are greyish brown, and its bill is bluish-grey. The female is somewhat smaller than the male, but is otherwise the same.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The Philippine duck is known to inhabit all of the major Philippine islands and 8 minor islands, but since the 1980s most sightings have been on Luzon and Mindanao.[3][5] Long-distance vagrants have been sighted in Okinawa and Taiwan.
It is found in all types of wetlands within its range, but its preferred habitat is shallow freshwater marshland.[3]
Conservation status
The Philippine duck is rated vulnerable on the IUCN Red List with the population estimated to be 3,300 - 6,700 mature individuals remaining. The species has experienced steep population decreases since the 1970s mainly due to hunting and habitat loss. The ducks have been heavily hunted since the 1960s with thousands being hunted a year through the late 1980s.[5]
Habitat loss is mainly due to wetland drainage, aquaculture, mangrove destruction and fishpond creation.[3]
The species occurs in multiple protected areas including Manleluag Spring Protected Landscape, Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park, Naujan Lake National Park, Bataan National Park, Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and Olango Island, a Ramsar wetland. However, as is with most of the Philippines enforcement from hunting is lax.
Footnotes
BirdLife International (2016). "Anas luzonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22680214A92849560. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680214A92849560.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"Anas luzonica: BirdLife International". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22680214a92849560.en. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
Carboneras, Carles; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020-03-04), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), "Philippine Duck (Anas luzonica)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.phiduc1.01, retrieved 2020-11-08
GrrlScientist (2012-03-03). "Mystery bird: Philippine duck, Anas luzonica | GrrlScientist". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
Society, National Geographic. "Philippine Duck". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
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