Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Ordo: †Ambiortiformes
Familia: †Ambiortidae
Genus: †Ambiortus
Species: † A. dementjevi
Name
Ambiortus Kurochkin, 1982
References
Primary references
Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. Новый отряд птиц из нижнего мела Монголии [New order of birds from the Lower Cretaceous in Mongolia]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 262(2): 215–218. Reference page.
Additional references
O'Connor, J.K. & Zelenkov, N.V. 2013. The Phylogenetic Position of Ambiortus: Comparison with Other Mesozoic Birds from Asia. Paleontological Journal 47(11): 1270–1281. DOI: 10.1134/S0031030113110063 ResearchGate Reference page.
Ambiortus is a prehistoric bird genus. The only known species, Ambiortus dementjevi, lived sometime during the Barremian age between 136.4 and 125 million years ago[1] in today's Mongolia. It was discovered by Yevgeny Kurochkin in 1982.[2]
Classification
Ambiortus dementjevi belongs to the Ornithuromorpha (the group containing modern birds but not enantiornithes), according to all published cladistic analyses. However, the exact position of the species within this group has been controversial. Early studies suggested it was a member of the Palaeognathae, the group containing modern ratites and Tinamou,[3] but this has not been supported by later research. Some studies have found it to be closely related to the Ichthyornithes, a relatively derived group closely related to modern birds.[4] However, most analyses have found it to be either an unresolved member of the Ornithurae, or a more basal member of Ornithuromorpha. One 2006 study, for example, found it to be more primitive than Yanornis but more advanced than Hongshanornis, or even a member of the specific group containing both Yanornis and Yixianornis.[5]
The family Ambiortidae is sometimes used for this genus, especially if it is considered a close relative of the much younger Apsaravis.[6] The results of a cladistic analysis published in 2011, on the other hand, indicate that at least Apsaravis and Palintropus (which was mistaken as a much more modern bird initially) are very closely related.[7]
References
Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012). Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2011 Appendix (PDF).
Chiappe, L.M.; Witmer, L.M. (2002). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press. p. 350. ISBN 9780520200944. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
Kurochkin, (1985). "A true carinate bird from Lower Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia and other evidence of Early Cretaceous birds in Asia." Cretaceous Research, 6: 271-278.
Kurochkin (1999). "The relationships of the Early Cretaceous Ambiortus and Otogornis (Aves: Ambiortiformes)". pp. 275-284 in Olson (ed.), Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89.
You, Lamanna, Harris, Chiappe, O'Connor, Ji, Lu, Yuan, Li, Zhang, Lacovara, Dodson and Ji, (2006). "A nearly modern amphibious bird from the Early Cretaceous of Northwestern China". Science, 312: 1640–1643.
Mortimer, Mickey (2011): The Theropod Database: Phylogeny of taxa Archived 2013-05-16 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-03-02.
Longrich, N.R., Tokaryk, T., and Field, D.J. (2011). "Mass extinction of birds at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (37): 15253-15257. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110395108.
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