Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Superordo: Caprimulgimorphae
Ordo: Apodiformes
Familia: Trochilidae
Subfamilia: Trochilinae
Genus: Amazilia
Species: Amazilia rutila
Subspecies: A. r. corallirostris – A. r. diluta – A. r. graysoni – A. r. rutila
Name
Amazilia rutila (Delattre, 1842)
Synonyms
Ornismya rutila (protonym)
Ornismya cinnamomea Lesson, 1842 Rev.Zool p. 175 BHL
References
EchoMondeSav.(2) 10 no.45 col.1069
Vernacular names
čeština: Kolibřík ryšavý
dansk: Kanelfarvet Amazilie
Deutsch: Zimtbauchamazilie
English: Cinnamon Hummingbird
español: Amazilia Canela
suomi: Kanelitimanttikolibri
français: Ariane cannelle
magyar: Fahéjszínű amazília
italiano: Amazilia color cannella
日本語: ニッケイハチドリ, nikkeihachidori
Nederlands: Kaneelkleurige Amazilia
norsk: Kanelkolibri
polski: Szmaragdzik cynamonowy
português: Amazilia rutila
русский: Пурпурнобрюхая амазилия
slovenčina: Kolibrík škoricový
svenska: Kanelkolibri
中文: 桂红蜂鸟
The cinnamon hummingbird (Amazilia rutila) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from northwestern Mexico to Costa Rica.[3][4]
Taxonomy and systematics
The cinnamon hummingbird has these four recognized subspecies:[3]
A. r. diluta Van Rossem (1938)
A. r. graysoni Lawrence (1867)
A. r. rutila DeLattre (1843)
A. r. corallirostris Bourcier & Mulsant (1846)
It has been suggested that graysoni be treated as a separate species and that diluta should be included in rutila because they intergrade.[4]
Cinnamon hummingbird - Lake Coatepeque, El Salvador
Description
The cinnamon hummingbird is 9.5 to 11.5 cm (3.7 to 4.5 in) long and on average weighs about 5 to 5.5 g (0.18 to 0.19 oz). Adults of the nominate subspecies A. r. rutila have metallic bronze green upperparts and cinnamon to cinnamon rufous underparts that are paler on the chin and upper throat. The tail is deep cinnamon rufous to rufous chestnut; the feathers have dark metallic bronze tips and the outermost have dark metallic bronze outer edges. The wings are a dark brownish slate. Males' bills are red with a black tip and females' mostly black with red at the base. Juveniles are similar to adults but have rufous edges to the face, crown, and rump feathers and an all black bill.[5]
A. r. diluta is similar to the nominate, with slightly less intense green upperparts and paler and pinker underparts. A. r. corallirostris is also similar to the nominate but overall its colors are richer and deeper. A. r. graysoni is significantly larger and darker than the nominate but otherwise similar.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of cinnamon hummingbird are found thus:[3][5]
A. r. diluta, the northwestern Mexican states of Sinaloa and Nayarit
A. r. graysoni, Isla María Madre in Islas Marías off the coast of western Mexico
A. r. rutila, from Jalisco in western Mexico south through El Salvador and western Honduras and Nicaragua into northwestern Costa Rica.
A. r. corallirostris, from Chiapas in Mexico south to El Salvador
The populations in Mexico's Yucatán state, northeastern Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica are usually attributed to A. r. rutila but have sometimes been considered to be part of A. r. corallirostris.[5][4]
The cinnamon hummingbird inhabits primary and secondary deciduous and semi-deciduous forests and thorn forest. It ranges from sea level to about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) of elevation.[5]
Behavior
Movement
The cinnamon hummingbird is resident throughout its range.[5]
Feeding
The cinnamon hummingbird usually forages from the understory to the mid-story, but also will visit taller flowering trees. It feeds on nectar from a very wide variety of flowering plants and also eats insects. It is territorial and defends feeding sites from intrusion by other hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies.[5]
Breeding
The cinnamon hummingbird's breeding season varies throughout its range; every month is represented somewhere. Its nest is a cup made of plant material and spider web placed on a horizontal branch. Three nests in western Mexico had a small platform of wood pieces under the cup. The cup was made of kapok seed fibers with grass, bits of wood, and lichens on the outside. All three were in semi-deciduous forest. The clutch size is two eggs, but little more is known about the species' breeding phenology.[5][6]
Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.
Songs and calls
Listen to cinnamon hummingbird on xeno-canto
Vocalization
The cinnamon hummingbird's song is "varied, high, thin, slightly squeaky chips, si ch chi-chit or tsi si si-si-sit, or chi chi-chi chi chi, etc." Its call has been described as "a buzzy, scratchy tzip" and "a hard to sharp chik".[5]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the cinnamon hummingbird as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and its population is estimated to be at least 500,000 mature individuals and stable.[1] Localized habitat destruction appears to be its only threat.[5]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia rutila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687603A93160040. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687603A93160040.en. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 12.1)". doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.11.2. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
Arizmendi, M. d. C., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, C. A. Soberanes-González, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Cinnamon Hummingbird (Amazilia rutila), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cinhum1.01 retrieved February 14, 2022
Nuñez-Rosas, Laura E.; Ramírez-García, Enrique; Lara, Carlos; del Coro Arizmendi, María (2021). "Nest description, nest survival, and habitat use of three resident hummingbird species in western Mexico". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 133 (2): 236–246. doi:10.1676/20-00065. S2CID 245539704.
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