Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Euavialae
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Ordo: Otidiformes
Familia: Otididae
Genus: Afrotis
Species: Afrotis afraoides
Name
Afrotis afraoides (A. Smith) 1831
Synonyms
Otis afraoides (protonym)
Eupodotis afraoides
References
Smith, A 1831. PZS Pt1 no.1 p. 11
IUCN: Afrotis afraoides (Least Concern)
Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Witvlerkkorhaan
català: Sisó negre septentrional
čeština: Drop šedotemenný
dansk: Hvidvinget sorttrappe
Deutsch: Weißflügeltrappe
English: White-quilled Bustard
español: Sisón negro aliclaro
فارسی: هوبره سیاه شمالی
suomi: Botswanantrappi
français: Outarde à miroir blanc
עברית: חוברה שחורה צפונית
magyar: Fokföldi túzok
日本語: ハジロクロエリショウノガン
Nederlands: Botswanatrap
Diné bizaad: Tééh dééł łizhinígíí
svenska: vitvingad trapp
Tiếng Việt: Ô tác đuôi trắng
The northern black korhaan (Afrotis afraoides), also known as the white-quilled bustard,[3] is a species of bird in the bustard family, Otididae. It is widely distributed across Southern Africa. Its habitat is primarily open grassland and scrub.
Taxonomy
The northern black korhaan was first described in 1831 by the Scottish surgeon, explorer and zoologist Andrew Smith, who gave it the specific name "afraoides". He placed it in the genus Eupodotis, where it was one of two species, the other being the southern black korhaan (Eupodotis afra). In 1993, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson listed it as a sub-species of E. afra, while Sibley and Monroe (1990 and 1993) retained it as a separate species. Then in 2014, del Hoyo and Collar transferred both species to the genus Afrotis.[1]
Description
The male's plumage has regularly-arranged black and white barring on the back and wings, the head, neck and underparts being black. The female has the head, neck, breast and upper parts barred or chequered in black and buff, the belly being black. The primary feathers are largely white, which distinguishes this species from the southern black korhaan where they are black. Both the female and the male have red beaks and bright yellow legs.[4]
Distribution and habitat
The northern black korhaan is found in Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and northern South Africa.[3] Its habitat is grassland, with vegetation up to a metre high, grassy dunes, semi-arid scrubland and open veldt.[4]
Ecology
The northern black korhaan is a mainly ground-dwelling bird, but it does sometimes burst into flight when disturbed, the male emitting a loud, raucous "kraark, kraark" call. The male will often run away from an intruder with head and neck extended, before freezing, becoming surprisingly difficult to observe in the process. The female is less conspicuous and is seldom seen. The birds forage while walking along, feeding on and chasing after insects such as termites, ants, grasshoppers and beetles, as well as spiders, ticks and seeds. Breeding takes place at any time of year. The male has a courtship display involving dipping flights, flaring white feathers and the ritual chasing of other birds. He displays to several females but is territorial, and drives away other males. The nest is a scrape on the ground containing one or two eggs.[5]
Status
The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being of "least concern". This is because it is a common species with a wide range, no particular threats have been identified, and the population seems stable.[1]
References
BirdLife International (2016). "Afrotis afraoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22691970A93331294. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691970A93331294.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
"White-quilled bustard: Afrotis afraoides (Smith, A, 1831)". AviBase. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
Collar, N.; Garcia, E.F.J. (2019). "Northern Black Bustard (Afrotis afraoides)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
"Bird of the week: northern black korhaan". Wilkinsons' World. 24 January 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
BirdLife International 2004. Eupodotis afraoides. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Downloaded on 24 July 2007.
Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey, Warwick Tarboton: Birds of Southern Africa, 3rd ed., Struik Publishers, 2002 (ISBN 978-1-86872-721-6)
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