Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea
Familia: Araneidae
Subfamilia: Araneinae
Tribus: Dolophonini
Genus: Zygiella
Species: Z. atrica – Z. calyptrata – Z. hiramatsui – Z. indica – Z. keyserlingi – Z. kirgisica – Z. minima – Z. nearctica – Z. poriensis – Z. pulcherrima – Z. shivui – Z. x-notata
Name
Zygiella Pickard-Cambridge, 1902
Type species: Zygiella atrica Carl Ludwig Koch, 1845
References
Additional references
Tanikawa, A. 2017. A new species of Zygiella from Amami-ôshima Island, Japan (Araneae: Araneidae). Acta Arachnologica 66(1): 1-4. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Links
Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [1]
Vernacular names
English: Zygiella
Zygiella is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1902.[2] In 2015, Parazygiella was determined to be a taxonomic synonym of Zygiella, and its species were moved to Zygiella.[3]
Identification
Zygiella species are distinguished by the structure of the web, which has a missing sector containing a signaling thread leading to a retreat.[4] Zygiella x-notata, a species in the Zygiella genus, is well-researched for its missing-sector web construction behaviors.[5]
Structure of a Zygiella web
Web of Zygiella x-notata
Species
As of April 2019 it contains eleven species:[1]
Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) (type) – Europe. Introduced to USA, Canada
Zygiella calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894) – China, Myanmar, Malaysia
Zygiella carpenteri Archer, 1951 – USA
Zygiella dispar (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Russia (Far East), Japan
Zygiella hiramatsui Tanikawa, 2017 – Japan
Zygiella keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey
Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974 – Kyrgyzstan
Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 – Canary Is., Madeira
Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Uzbekistan
Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964 – Canada, USA
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran? Introduced to North America, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, China, Japan, Réunion
References
"Gen. Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902). "A revision of the genera of Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9 (7): 5–20.
Gregorič, Matjaž; Agnarsson, Ingi; Blackledge, Todd A.; Kuntner, Matjaž (2015). "Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1111/zoj.12281.
Roberts, Michael J. (1995). "Genus Zygiella". Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. London: HarperCollins. pp. 333ff. ISBN 978-0-00-219981-0.
Venner, Samuel; Pasquet, Alain; Leborgne, Raymond. "Web-building behaviour in the orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata: influence of experience". Animal Behaviour. 59 (3): 603–611. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1327. ISSN 0003-3472.
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