Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Lycosoidea
Familia: Zoropsidae
Subfamilia: Zoropsinae
Genus: Zoropsis
Species: Zoropsis spinimana
Name
Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour, 1820)
Synonyms
Dolomedes spinimanus Dufour, 1820
Dolomedes ocreatus C. L. Koch, 1841
Zoropsis quedenfeldti Dahl, 1901
Zoropsis triangularis Dahl, 1901
Zoropsis pluridentata Franganillo, 1925
Zoropsis ocreata — Simon, 1878
Zoropsis spinimana — Dahl, 1901
References
Dufour, L. 1820. Descriptions de cinq arachnides nouvelles. Annales Générales des Sciences Physiques 5: 198–209. [204, pl. 76, f. 3 (D♀)]
Thaler, K. & B. Knoflach. 1998. Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour), eine für Österreich neue Adventivart (Araneae, Zoropsidae). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 85: 173–185. [174, f. 2-6, 23]
Griswold, C. E. & D. Ubick. 2001. Zoropsidae: a spider family newly introduced to the USA (Araneae, Entelegynae, Lycosoidea). Journal of Arachnology 29: 111–113. PDF [111, f. 1-5]
Platnick, N. I. 2009. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. [1]
Zoropsis spinimana is a spider species belonging to the family Zoropsidae.
Distribution
It is distributed widely in the Mediterranean, but reaches into Russia, and was introduced to the United States, primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area, and the United Kingdom, primarily the London area.[1]
Description
Zoropsis spinimana
Males of Z. spinimana reach a length around 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in), while females are 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) long. This spider looks rather like a wolf spider, as its eyes are of the same configuration, but unlike wolf spiders, the eyes of Zoropsis spiders are more spread out along the front third of the cephalothorax. The front body (prosoma) is brownish with broad darker markings. The abdomen (opisthosoma) has median black markings. The legs are mainly a speckled brown color.
Habitat
Spiders of the species can be found on forest edges under rocks and tree bark, where they hunt for prey during the night. Like all zoropsid spiders, Z. spinimana does not build a web, but hunts freely. Since this spider cannot survive in a harsh climate, it often seeks refuge in human habitation and is frequently found in houses where the temperature is milder and food is more abundant.
Reproduction
Spiders of this species are sexually mature in autumn. The females lay eggs in spring, resting in a brood chamber on the cocoon.
References
"Summary for Zoropsis spinimana (Araneae)". srs.britishspiders.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
Davidson, Keay (Jan. 26, 2006). "House Spider Migrant Setting Up In Bay Area". San Francisco Chronicle.
Griswold, Charles E. and Ubick, Darrell (2001). "Zoropsidae: A Spider Family Newly Introduced to the USA". The Journal of Arachnology 29:111-113.
Vetter, Rick (May–June 2002). "Zoropsis spinimana: A Mediterranean spider in the San Francisco Bay Area makes some cry wolf". Outdoor California Magazine Vol. 63, No. 3.
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