Thecostraca

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Thecostraca
Subclasses: Ascothoracida - Cirripedia - Facetotecta

Stem-Group Thecostracaː Orstenocarida
Name

Thecostraca Gruvel, 1905: 1

References

Gruvel, A. 1905. Monographie des Cirrhipèdes ou Thécostracés. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Masson et Cie., Éditeurs, Paris, 472 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.9959 Open access BHL Reference page. [See p. 1, original definition]

Links

BHL bibliography
Thecostraca – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Thecostraca.
ION
Thecostraca in the World Register of Marine Species

Vernacular names
中文: 鞘甲纲

Thecostraca is a class of marine invertebrates containing over 2,200 described species.[1] Many species have planktonic larvae which become sessile or parasitic as adults.

The most important subgroup are the barnacles (subclass Cirripedia), constituting a little over 2,100 known species.[1]

The subgroup Facetotecta contains a single genus, Hansenocaris, known only from the tiny planktonic nauplii called "y-larvae". These larvae have no known adult form, though it is suspected that they are parasites, and their affinity is uncertain. Some researchers believe that they may be larval tantulocaridans. No larval tantulocaridans are currently known.[2]

The group Ascothoracida contains about 110 species, all parasites of coelenterates and echinoderms.[1][3]
Classification

This article follows Chan et al. (2021) and the World Register of Marine Species in placing Thecostraca as a class of Crustacea and in the following classification of thecostracans down to the level of orders. Previously, Thecostraca was considered a subclass of Maxillopoda.[2] Significant changes in the organization of Cirripedia's orders, families, and genera were introduced in 2021 by Chan et al. and accepted by the World Register of Marine Species.[1][4]

Class Thecostraca Gruvel, 1905

• Subclass Ascothoracida Lacaze-Duthiers, 1880
  • Order Laurida Grygier, 1987
  • Order Dendrogastrida Grygier, 1987
• Subclass Facetotecta Grygier, 1985
• Subclass Cirripedia Burmeister, 1834
  • Infraclass Acrothoracica Gruvel, 1905
    • Order Lithoglyptida Kolbasov, Newman & Hoeg, 2009
    • Order Cryptophialida Kolbasov, Newman & Hoeg, 2009
  • Infraclass Rhizocephala Müller, 1862
  • Infraclass Thoracica Darwin, 1854
    • Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019 (paraphyletic)
      • Order Eolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021 †
      • Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
    • Superorder Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015
      • Order Calanticomorpha Chan et al., 2021
      • Order Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923 †
      • Order Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021 †
      • Order Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
      • Order Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
      • Order Pollicipedomorpha Chan et al., 2021
      • Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916

Phylogeny

The following cladogram depicts the internal relationships of the Thecostraca as of 2021.[1][5]

Thecostraca

Facetotecta Ascothoracida Laurida Dendrogastrida Cirripedia Acrothoracica Cryptophialida Lithoglyptida Thoracica Iblomorpha Eolepadomorpha† Thoracicalcarea Archaeolepadomorpha † Pollicipedomorpha Calanticomorpha Scalpellomorpha Brachylepadomorpha† Sessilia Verrucomorpha Balanomorpha Rhizocephala

"Phosphatothoracica"

References

Chan, Benny K. K.; Dreyer, Niklas; Gale, Andy S.; Glenner, Henrik; et al. (2021). "The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (3): 789–846. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160.
Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.
Paul Schmid-Hempel (2011). "The diversity and natural history of parasites". Evolutionary Parasitology: the Integrated Study of Infections, Immunology, Ecology, and Genetics. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–51. ISBN 978-0-19-922949-9.
"World Register of Marine Species, class Thecostraca". Retrieved 2021-08-22.
Pérez-Losada, Marcos; T. Høeg, Jens; A. Crandall, Keith (September 2021). "Deep Phylogeny and Character Evolution in Thecostraca (Crustacea: Maxillopoda)". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 52 (3): 430–442. doi:10.1093/icb/ics051. PMID 22532607.

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