Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea
Familia: Synotaxidae
Subfamilia: Synotaxinae
Genus: Synotaxus
Species: S. jaraguari –
References
Agnarsson, I. 2003: The phylogenetic placement and circumscription of the genus Synotaxus (Araneae: Synotaxidae), a new species from Guyana, and notes on theridioid phylogeny. Invertebrate systematics, 17: 719–734.
Souza, L.H.B., Brescovit, A.D. & Araujo, D. 2017. A new species of Synotaxus and the first chromosomal study on Synotaxidae, presenting a rare XY sex chromosome system in spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zootaxa 4303(1): 140–150. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.1.9. Reference page.
Santos, A.J.; Rheims, C.A. 2005: Four new species and new records for the spider genus Synotaxus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Synotaxidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 937: 1–12. Abstract & excerpt
Links
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Nomenclator Zoologicus
Synotaxus is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Synotaxidae that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1895.[2] Originally placed with the tangle web spiders, it was moved to the monotypic family Synotaxidae in 2017.[3]
Description
Spiders in this genus have a long, green abdomen, which extends to varying degrees beyond the spinnerets. The carapace is wide and flat, and they have long, delicate legs with the first being the longest.[3][4] The legs and body are both covered in long, fine setae.
The posterior lateral spinnerets bear enlarged aggregate gland spigots, and the male pedipalp has a stout patellar spur.[4] The palpal femur, patella and tibia bear strong, often greatly enlarged, macrosetae.[3]
Species
As of September 2019 it contains eleven species, found in South America, Panama, Costa Rica, and on Trinidad:[1]
Synotaxus bonaldoi Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil
Synotaxus brescoviti Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil
Synotaxus ecuadorensis Exline, 1950 – Costa Rica to Ecuador
Synotaxus itabaiana Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil
Synotaxus jaraguari Souza, Brescovit & Araujo, 2017 – Brazil
Synotaxus leticia Exline & Levi, 1965 – Colombia
Synotaxus longicaudatus (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil
Synotaxus monoceros (Caporiacco, 1947) – Trinidad, Guyana, Brazil
Synotaxus siolii Santos & Rheims, 2005 – Brazil
Synotaxus turbinatus Simon, 1895 (type) – Panama to Ecuador
Synotaxus waiwai Agnarsson, 2003 – Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay
Habitat and Distribution
Spiders in this genus are found in the understory of wet forests in South America, where they construct their webs between the leaves of trees or bushes, well above the forest floor.[4]
References
"Gen. Synotaxus Simon, 1895". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
Simon, E. (1895). "Etudes arachnologiques. 26e. XLI. Descriptions d'espèces et de genres nouveaux de l'ordre des Araneae". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 64: 131–160.
Forster, R. R.; Platnick, N. I.; Coddington, J. (1990). "A proposal and review of the spider family Synotaxidae (Araneae, Araneoidea), with notes on theridiid interrelationships". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 193: 96.
Platnick, Norman (2020). Spiders of the World: A Natural History. London: Ivy Press, an imprint of The Quarto Group. p. 148. ISBN 9781782407508.
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