Phonognatha

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Araneidae
Genus: Phonognatha
Species: P. graeffei – P. guanga – P. joannae – P. melania – P. melanopyga – P. pallida – P. vicitra
Name

Phonognatha Simon, 1894

Type species: Phonognatha graeffei Keyserling, 1865
Synonyms

Singotypa Simon, 1894

References

Simon, E.L. 1894. Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris 1, 489–760. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.51973 Reference page.
Kallal, R.J. & Hormiga, G. 2018. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1055–1141. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014 Reference page.
Kuntner, M., Coddington, J.A. & Hormiga, G. 2008. Phylogeny of extant nephilid orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Nephilidae): testing morphological and ethological homologies. Cladistics 24: 190. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00176.x Reference page.
Platnick, N.I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. Online.
Sankaran, P.M. & Sebastian, P.A. 2018. Phonognatha vicitra Sherriffs, 1928—a taxonomic misidentification of the orb-weaving spider Acusilas coccineus Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Araneidae). Zootaxa 4434(2): 391–395. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.2.12 Paywall Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Phonognatha

Phonognatha is a genus of South Pacific orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895.[3] It was originally placed with the long-jawed orb weavers, and was moved to Araneidae in 2008.[4]

The leaf curling spider (Phonognatha graeffei) is a common Australian spider found in urban areas as well as woodlands of the northeastern, eastern, and southern states.[1] Phonognatha vicitra was formerly placed in the genus, but it has been shown to be a misidentification of Acusilas coccineus.[5]
Species

As of April 2019 it contains four species:[1]

Phonognatha graeffei (Keyserling, 1865) (type) – Australia
Phonognatha melania (L. Koch, 1871) – Australia
Phonognatha neocaledonica Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia
Phonognatha tanyodon Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 – Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)

References

"Gen. Phonognatha Simon, 1894". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
Dondale, C. D. (1966). "The spider fauna (Araneida) of deciduous orchards in the Australian Capital Territory". Australian Journal of Zoology. 14 (6): 1170. doi:10.1071/ZO9661157.
Simon, E (1895). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris, Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
Kuntner, M.; Coddington, J. A.; Hormiga, G. (2008). "Phylogeny of extant nephilid orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Nephilidae): testing morphological and ethological homologies". Cladistics. 24 (2): 190. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00176.x. S2CID 83806105.
Sankaran, P.M. & Sebastian, P.A. (2018). "Phonognatha vicitra Sherriffs, 1928—a taxonomic misidentification of the orb-weaving spider Acusilas coccineus Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Araneidae)". Zootaxa. 4434 (2): 391–395. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4434.2.12. PMID 30313195. S2CID 52976589.