Parawixia

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Araneidae
Subfamilia: Araneinae
Tribus: Araneini
Genus: Parawixia
Species: P. acapulco – P. armata – P. audax – P. barbacoas – P. bistriata – P. cambridgei – P. casa – P. chubut – P. dehaani – P. destricta – P. destrictoides – P. divisoria – P. eumeniphila – P. guatemalensis – P. hamata – P. honesta – P. hoxaea – P. hypocrita – P. inopinata – P. kochi – P. maldonado – P. matiapa – P. monticola – P. nesophila – P. ouro – P. porvenir – P. rigida – P. rimosa – P. tarapoa – P. tomba – P. tredecimnotata – P. undulata – P. velutina
Name

Parawixia F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904

Type species: Epeira destricta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889
References
Additional references

Levi, H.W. 1992. Spiders of the orb-weaver genus Parawixia in America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 153: 1–46. Reference page.
Levi, H.W. 2001: The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 155 (9): 445–475.

Links

ION
Nomenclator Zoologicus
Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

Parawixia is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1904.[2] Most species are found in the Neotropics but one species, Parawixia dehaani, is found in Australasia and tropical Asia as far west as India.[1]
Natural history

Parawixia audax, one of the better known species, makes a large loose web, placing itself either in the center with its head down or in a retreat created from a rolled-leaf. This species builds webs 1 to 2 metres (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in) above the ground, but there are likely many more species farther up in the canopy that are rarely collected by usual means.

Parawixia bistriata builds its webs much higher from the ground, frequently found on telephone poles. It is known to be social, and all individuals in a colony are of the same age and size. During the day, they share a retreat where they cluster together.[3]
Species

As of April 2019 it contains thirty-one species:[1]

Parawixia acapulco Levi, 1992 – Mexico
Parawixia audax (Blackwall, 1863) – Colombia to Argentina
Parawixia barbacoas Levi, 1992 – Colombia, Ecuador
Parawixia bistriata (Rengger, 1836) – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
Parawixia casa Levi, 1992 – Colombia
Parawixia chubut Levi, 2001 – Chile, Argentina
Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) – India to Philippines, New Guinea
Parawixia d. octopunctigera (Strand, 1911) – Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)
Parawixia d. pygituberculata (Strand, 1911) – Papua New Guinea (New Ireland), Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Parawixia d. quadripunctigera (Strand, 1911) – Indonesia (Aru Is.)
Parawixia destricta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Mexico to Panama
Parawixia divisoria Levi, 1992 – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
Parawixia guatemalensis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Mexico, Guatemala
Parawixia honesta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) – Mexico
Parawixia hoxaea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Panama
Parawixia hypocrita (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Brazil
Parawixia inopinata Camargo, 1950 – Brazil
Parawixia kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) – Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana
Parawixia maldonado Levi, 1992 – Peru
Parawixia matiapa Levi, 1992 – Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil
Parawixia monticola (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil
Parawixia nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 – Costa Rica, Panama
Parawixia ouro Levi, 1992 – Peru, Brazil
Parawixia porvenir Levi, 1992 – Colombia
Parawixia rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Panama
Parawixia rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) – Costa Rica to Bolivia
Parawixia tarapoa Levi, 1992 – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
Parawixia tomba Levi, 1992 – Peru, Brazil
Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles
Parawixia undulata (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
Parawixia velutina (Taczanowski, 1878) – Colombia to Argentina

References

Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2019). "Gen. Parawixia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1904), "Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones", Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology
Levi, Herbert W. (1992). "Spiders of the orb-weaver genus Parawixia in America (Araneae: Araneidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 153 (1): 1–46.

Vernacular names
English: Parawixia