Neoscona

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Araneidae
Genus: Neoscona
Species: N. achine – N. adianta – N. alberti – N. albertoi – N. aldinei – N. amamiensis – N. ampoyae – N. angulatula – N. arabesca – N. bengalensis – N. bihumpi – N. biswasi – N. blondeli – N. bomdilaensis – N. bucheti – N. byzanthina – N. cereolella – N. cheesmanae – N. chiarinii – N. chongzuoensis – N. chrysanthusi – N. crucifera – N. dhruvai – N. dhumani – N. domiciliorum – N. dostinikea – N. dyali – N. facundoi – N. flavescens – N. goliath – N. hirta – N. holmi – N. isatis – N. jinghongensis – N. kisangani – N. kivuensis – N. kunmingensis – N. lactea – N. leucaspis – N. lipana – N. lotan – N. maculaticeps – N. marcanoi – N. melloteei – N. menghaiensis – N. molemensis – N. moreli – N. mukerjei – N. multiplicans – N. murthyi – N. nautica – N. novella – N. oaxacensis – N. odites – N. oriemindoroana – N. orientalis – N. orizabensis – N. parambikulamensis – N. pavida – N. penicillipes – N. platnicki – N. plebeja – N. polyspinipes – N. pratensis – N. pseudonautica – N. pseudoscylla – N. punctigera – N. quadrigibbosa – N. quincasea – N. rapta – N. raydakensis – N. rufipalpis – N. sanghi – N. sanjivani – N. scylla – N. scylloides – N. semilunaris – N. shillongensis – N. simoni – N. sinhagadensis – N. sodom – N. spasskyi – N. stanleyi – N. subfusca – N. subpullata – N. tedgenica – N. theisi – N. tianmenensis – N. triangula – N. triramusa – N. ujavalai – N. usbonga – N. utahana – N. vigilans – N. xiquanensis – N. xishanensis – N. yadongensis – N. yptinika – N. zhui
Name

Neoscona Simon, 1864

Type species: Epeira arabesca Walckenaer, 1842
Synonyms

Chinestela Chamberlin, 1924
Cubanella Franganillo, 1926
Afraranea Archer, 1951

References

Saha, S., Biswas, V., Majumder, S.C. & Raychaudhuri, D. 1995. Araneidae of Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal. Acta Arachnologica 44: 11-14. Reference page.
Zamani, A., Marusik, Y.M. & Šestáková, A. 2020. On Araniella and Neoscona (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia. ZooKeys 906: 13-40. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.906.47978. Open access. Reference page.
Zhang, X.-X. & F. Zhang, 2011: Three new species of the orb weaving spider genus Neoscona Simon from China (Araneae: Araneidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 36 (3): 518–523. Abstract and full article: [1].

Links

Platnick, N. I. 2009. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. [2]

Vernacular names
한국어: 어리왕거미속

Neoscona, known as spotted orb-weavers and barn spiders,[7] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders (Araneidae) first described by Eugène Simon in 1895 to separate these from other araneids in the now obsolete genus Epeira. The name Neoscona was derived from the Greek νέω, meaning "spin", and σχοῖνος, meaning "reed"[8] They have a mostly pantropical distribution and one species, Neoscona adianta, has a palearctic distribution.[2] As of April 2019 there are eight species that can be found in the United States and Canada:[7]
Description

Neoscona species are among the most common spiders in North America and are found throughout most parts of the world.[9] There are large variations in the dorsal patterns and coloration of the abdomen, even in a single species. Most have a light color with wavy edges along the mid-line, and darker swirls either side of that. Ventral abdominal patterns may consist of a dark area bordered by white, roughly forming a square. In adults the pattern can be faded. The venter of the abdomen is dark bordered on the sides by white spots.[9] Neoscona can be difficult to distinguish from species of Araneus without close examination of the carapace. Neoscona have a characteristic dorsal groove on the carapace that is parallel with the long axis of the body. The dorsal grooves of Araneus are transverse or angular, though they are sometimes so small that they appear as dimples on the dorsal surface.[7] With the leg arrangement, the first are the longest, the second are second longest and the third are the shortest. The largest eyes are the anterior medians, next or subequal are posterior medians and the secondary eyes are slightly smaller. The webs are usually vertical with about twenty radii and an open hub at the centre. Some species have been recorded as retreating to a leaf during the day.[9]
Species

As of April 2019 there are 123 species worldwide:[2]

N. achine (Simon, 1906) – India, China
N. adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) – Europe, North Africa to Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
Neoscona a. persecta (Schenkel, 1936) – China
N. alberti (Strand, 1913) – Central, Southern Africa
N. albertoi Barrion-Dupo, 2008 – Philippines
N. aldinei Barrion-Dupo, 2008 – Philippines
N. amamiensis Tanikawa, 1998 – Japan
N. ampoyae Barrion-Dupo, 2008 – Philippines
N. angulatula (Schenkel, 1937) – Madagascar, Seychelles (Aldabra), Kenya
N. arabesca (Walckenaer, 1841) – North America (across the United States and Canada), Central America, Caribbean
N. bengalensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
N. bihumpi Patel, 1988 – India
N. biswasi Bhandari & Gajbe, 2001 – India
N. blondeli (Simon, 1886) – Africa
N. bomdilaensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 – India
N. bucheti (Lessert, 1930) – Congo
Neoscona b. avakubiensis (Lessert, 1930) – Congo
Neoscona b. flexuosa (Lessert, 1930) – Congo, Yemen
N. byzanthina (Pavesi, 1876) – France, Turkey
N. cereolella (Strand, 1907) – Congo, East Africa, Madagascar
Neoscona c. setaceola (Strand, 1913) – Central Africa
N. cheesmanae (Berland, 1938) – Vanuatu
N. chiarinii (Pavesi, 1883) – West, Central, East Africa
N. chongzuoensis Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
N. chrysanthusi Tikader & Bal, 1981 – Bhutan, India, Pakistan
N. crucifera (Lucas, 1838) – North America (Southwest Northeast USA and Canada); introduced to Hawaii, Canary Is., Madeira
N. decolor (L. Koch, 1871) – Australia (New South Wales, Victoria), Fiji
N. dhruvai Patel & Nigam, 1994 – India
N. dhumani Patel & Reddy, 1993 – India
N. domiciliorum (Hentz, 1847) – Eastern to midwestern USA
N. dostinikea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
N. dyali Gajbe, 2004 – India
N. enucleata (Karsch, 1879) – India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Sumatra
N. facundoi Barrion-Dupo, 2008 – Philippines
N. flavescens Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China
N. flavopunctata (L. Koch, 1871) – Fiji
N. floriata (Hogg, 1914) – Indonesia (West Papua)
N. goliath (Benoit, 1963) – Ivory Coast
N. govindai Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 – Bangladesh
N. granti (Hogg, 1914) – New Guinea
N. hirta (C. L. Koch, 1844) – Central, Southern Africa
N. holmi (Schenkel, 1953) – China, Korea
N. huzaifi Mukhtar, 2012 – Pakistan
N. inusta (L. Koch, 1871) – Taiwan, China, Philippines, Indonesia (Sumatra) to Australia
N. isatis Zamani, Marusik & Šestáková, 2020 - Iran
N. jindoensis Kim, Lee & Ji, 2016 – Korea
N. jinghongensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. kabiri Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 – Bangladesh
N. kisangani Grasshoff, 1986 – Congo
N. kivuensis Grasshoff, 1986 – Congo
N. kunmingensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. lactea (Saito, 1933) – Taiwan
N. leucaspis (Schenkel, 1963) – China
N. lipana Barrion-Dupo, 2008 – Philippines
N. lotan Levy, 2007 – Israel
N. maculaticeps (L. Koch, 1871) – Japan, Samoa
N. marcanoi Levi, 1993 – Cuba, Hispaniola
N. mellotteei (Simon, 1895) – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
N. menghaiensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. molemensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 – Bangladesh, India to Philippines, Indonesia
N. moreli (Vinson, 1863) – Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius. Introduced to the Caribbean, Colombia, Venezuela to Argentina
N. mukerjei Tikader, 1980 – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
N. multiplicans (Chamberlin, 1924) – China, Korea, Japan
N. murthyi Patel & Reddy, 1990 – India
N. nasidae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 – Bangladesh
N. nautica (L. Koch, 1875) – Asia and Pacific islands. Introduced to both Americas, Sudan
N. notanda (Rainbow, 1912) – Australia (Queensland)
N. novella (Simon, 1907) – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
N. oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) – Western and Midwest USA to Peru, Galapagos Is.
N. odites (Simon, 1906) – India
N. oriemindoroana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
N. orientalis (Urquhart, 1887) – New Zealand
N. orizabensis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – Mexico; Otero County, New Mexico
N. parambikulamensis Patel, 2003 – India
N. pavida (Simon, 1906) – India, Pakistan, China
N. penicillipes (Karsch, 1879) – West, Central Africa
N. platnicki Gajbe & Gajbe, 2001 – India
N. plebeja (L. Koch, 1871) – Fiji, Tonga, Tuvalu (Funafuti), Austral Is. (Rapa)
N. polyspinipes Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. pratensis (Hentz, 1847) – Eastern to midwestern USA, Canada
N. pseudonautica Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China, Korea
N. pseudoscylla (Schenkel, 1953) – China
N. punctigera (Doleschall, 1857) – Reunion, India, Myanmar, China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia
N. quadrigibbosa Grasshoff, 1986 – Central, Southern Africa
N. quincasea Roberts, 1983 – Central, Southern Africa, Seychelles (Aldabra)
N. rahamani Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2013 – Bangladesh
N. rapta (Thorell, 1899) – Africa
N. raydakensis Saha, Biswas, Majumder & Raychaudhuri, 1995 – India
N. rufipalpis (Lucas, 1858) – Africa, St. Helena, Cape Verde Is., Yemen
Neoscona r. buettnerana (Strand, 1908) – Cameroon, Togo
N. sanghi Gajbe, 2004 – India
N. sanjivani Gajbe, 2004 – India
N. scylla (Karsch, 1879) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan
N. scylloides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
N. semilunaris (Karsch, 1879) – China, Korea, Japan
N. shillongensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 – India, Pakistan, China
N. simoni Grasshoff, 1986 – Central Africa
N. sinhagadensis (Tikader, 1975) – India, Pakistan, China
N. sodom Levy, 1998 – Israel
N. stanleyi (Lessert, 1930) – Congo
N. subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Southern Europe, Africa, Turkey, Middle East, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia
Neoscona s. alboplagiata Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania
Neoscona s. pallidior (Thorell, 1899) – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
N. subpullata (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Korea, Japan
N. tedgenica (Bakhvalov, 1978) – Russia (Europe) to Central Asia
N. theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) – India, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia to China, Japan. Introduced to Seychelles, Pacific Is.
Neoscona t. carbonaria (Simon, 1909) – Vietnam
Neoscona t. feisiana (Strand, 1911) – Caroline Is.
Neoscona t. savesi (Simon, 1880) – New Caledonia
Neoscona t. theisiella (Tullgren, 1910) – West, Central, East Africa, Yemen
Neoscona t. triangulifera (Thorell, 1878) – New Guinea
N. tianmenensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China, Korea
N. triangula (Keyserling, 1864) – Africa, India
Neoscona t. mensamontella (Strand, 1907) – Madagascar
N. triramusa Yin & Zhao, 1994 – China
N. ujavalai Reddy & Patel, 1992 – India
N. usbonga Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
N. utahana (Chamberlin, 1919) – USA, Mexico
N. vigilans (Blackwall, 1865) – Africa, Asia (without Russia)
N. xiquanensis Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China
N. xishanensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. yadongensis Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
N. yptinika Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – India, Philippines
N. zhui Zhang & Zhang, 2011 – China

References

"Gen. Neoscona Simon, 1864", World Spider Catalog Version 16.5, retrieved 2015-09-18
"Gen. Neoscona Simon, 1864". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
Grasshoff, M. (1986). "Die Radnetzspinnen-Gattung Neoscona in Afrika (Arachnida: Araneae)". Annalen Zoologische Wetenschappen. 250: 4.
Archer, A. F. (1958). "Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 4". American Museum Novitates (1922): 17.
Berman, J. D.; Levi, H. W. (1971). "The orb weaver genus Neoscona in North America (Araneae: Araneidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 141: 469.
Bryant, E. B. (1940). "Cuban spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoology". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 86: 511.
"Genus Neoscona". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
Simon, E (1895). Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris, Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
Bergman, J.D.; Levi, H.W. (1971). The orb weaver genus Neoscona in North America (Araneae:Araneidae). Vol. 141. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Retrieved 2020-04-14 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.