Synargis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Riodinidae
Subfamilia: Riodininae
Tribus: Lemoniadini
Genus: Synargis
Species: S. abaris – S. agle – S. anapis – S. axenus – S. bifasciata – S. calyce – S. chaonia – S. dirca – S. ethelinda – S. fandanga – S. fenestrella – S. galena – S. gela – S. gorpa – S. mycone – S. nymphidioides – S. ochra – S. ochrophlegma – S. orestessa – S. palaeste – S. paulistina – S. perrupta – S. phliasus – S. pittheus – S. rasqueada – S. regulus – S. soranus – S. sylvarum – S. tytia – S. victrix
Name

Synargis Hübner, 1819

Type species: Papilio tytia Cramer, [1777]: 37, pl.121 figs C,D, by subsequent designation by Scudder, 1875: 273.
Synonymy

per Hemming, 1967: 422 etc.

Nymula Boisduval, [1836]: pl.20 fig.4. TS: Nymula gnosis Boisduval [1836] ibid. by monotypy.
Acystipoda Röber, [1892] in Staudinger & Schatz: 256. TS: Pandemos nymphidioides Butler, 1872: 79 by monotypy.
Ematurgina Röber, 1903: 347. TS: Ematurgina mabillei Rober, 1903 ibid. by original designation.
Thyranota Stichel, 1910: 22 original mis-spelling.
Thysanota Stichel, 1911: 340. TS: Lemonias galena Bates, 1868: 398.

References

Bates, H.W. 1868. A Catalogue of Erycinidae, a Family of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 9: 367-459. BHL. Reference page.
Boisduval, J. B., 1836. In Roret, Suite à Buffon, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidoptères 1: xii+690pp., 24 pls. Paris. BHL text, plates. Reference page.
Butler, A.G., 1872. Description of new butterflies from Costa Rica. Cistula Entomologica 1(4): 72-90. BHL. Reference page.
Callaghan, C.J. 1999: New taxa of Neotropical Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(4): 1045–1064. full article (pdf) Reference page.
Callaghan, C.J.; Llorente-Bousquets, J.E. & Luis-Martínez, A., 2007: Descriptions of four new Mexican riodinids (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa 1660: 33–43 PDF Reference page.
Cramer, P. 1775–1780. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in der drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Afrika en America (etc). Amsterdam, Baalde & Utrecht, Parts 1–3. Pt.1 [1775]: xxx+16, 1–132, pls 1–84; [1776]: 133–156, pls 85–96; Pt.2 [1777]: 1–152, pls 97–192; Pt.3 [1779]: 1–104, pls 193–252; [1780]: 105–176, pls 253–288; Pt.4 [1780]: 1–246, pls 289–400. Reference page.
Dolibaina, D.R., Dias, F.M.S., Mielke, O.H.H. & Casagrande, M.M. 2013. Taxonomy of the Synargis axenus complex belonging to the Synargis regulus species group, with a phylogenetic reassessment of the genus Synargis Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168(3): 427–451. Reference page.
Hemming, A. F., 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1-509.Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Röber, J., 1892. In Staudinger, O. & Schatz, E., Exot. Schmett. 2. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter (6), 284pp., 50 pls. Bayern, Fürth. Reference page.
Röber, J., 1903. Lepidopterologisches von J. Hübner in Dresden. (Stettiner) Entomologische Zeitung 64: 337-358. BHL Reference page.
Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. Proc. amer. Soc. Arts Sci. Boston 10: 91–293. BHL Reference page.
Stichel, H. 1910–1911. Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Riodinidae in Wytsman, P. 1866–1925. Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 112: 1–452, 27 pls. BHL: text, plates.Reference page.

Links

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