Scydmaeninae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Staphyliniformia
Superfamilia: Staphylinoidea

Familia: Staphylinidae
Subfamilia: Scydmaeninae
Supertribus: Cephenniitae – †Hapsomelitae – Mastigitae – Scydmaenitae

Genera overview: Ablepton – Adrastia – †Aenictosoma – Aenigmaphes – Afroeudesis – Alloraphes – Amimoscydmus – Anhoraeomorphus – †Archeutheia – Archiconnus – Austrostenichnus – †Baltostigus – Bellendenker – Bicarinulodes – Blefuscudia – Brachycepsis – Catalinus – †Cenomaniola – Cephazteca – Cephennium – Cephennococcus – Cephennodes – Cephennomicrus – Cephennula – Ceramphis – Chevrolatia – Clavomicrus – †Clidicostigus – †Clidicus – †Cryptodiodon – Delius – †Ektatotricha – Elacatophora – †Electroatopos – †Electroscydmaenus – Etelea – Euconnomorphus – Euconnus – Eudesis – †Euroleptochromus – Eutheia – Eutheimorphus – Euthiconus – Euthiopsis – Furcodes – †Glaesoconnus – †Hapsomela – †Hetereuthia – Heteroscydmus – Heterotetramelus – †Heuretus – Himaloconnus – Hlavaciellus – Homoconnus – Horaeomorphus – Hyperstenichnus – †Kachinus – Kangarooconnus – †Kuafu – Lathomicrus – Leascydmus – Leptocharis – Leptochromus – Leptoderoides – Leptomastax – Leptoscydmus – Liliputella – Loeblites – Lophioderus – Madagaphes – Magellanoconnus – Marcepania – Mastigus – Meridaphes – Mexiconnus – †Microlynx – Microraphes – Microscydmus – Mimoscydmus – Monstrophennium – Nanophthalmus – Napochomorphus – Napoconnus – Neladius – Neuraphanax – Neuraphes – Neuraphoconnus – Neuraphomorphus – Noctophus – Nogunius – †Nuegua – Obesoconnus – Oreoeudesis – Paeneutheia – †Palaeoleptochromus – †Palaeomastigus – Palaeoscydmaenus – Palaeostigus – †Palaeothia – Papusus – Paracephennium – Paraneseuthia – Parapseudoconnus – Parascydmus – Penicillidmus – Perumicrus – Plaumanniola – Pomphopsilla – †Praphennium – Protandroconnus – Protoconnus – Psepharobius – Pseudocephennium – Pseudoeudesis – Pseudoraphes – †Rovnoleptochromus – †Rovnoscydmus – Rutaraphes – Schuelkelia – Sciacharis – Scydmaenilla – †Scydmaenoides – Scydmaenozila – Scydmaenus – Scydmepitoxis – †Scydmobisetia – Scydmoraphes – †Semnodioceras – Shyri – Siamites – Sibylloconnus – Sinonichnus – Spinosciacharis – Stenichnaphes – Stenichnoconnus – Stenichnodes – Stenichnoteras – Stenichnus – Stenomastigus – Syndicus – †Taimyraphes – Taphroscydmus – Taurablepton – Trichokrater – Tridensius – Trurlia – Venezolanoconnus – Veraphis – †Vertheia – Zeanichnus
Name

Scydmaeninae Leach, 1815: 92

Type genus: Scydmaenus Latreille, 1802

Synonymy

Scydmaenides Leach, 1815: 92 [original name]

References
Primary references

Leach, W.E. 1815. Entomology [pp. 57–172]. In: Brewster, D. (Ed). Brewster’s Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Volume IX [part I]. W. Blackwood, J. Waugh, etc., Edinburgh, 764 pp. BHL Reference page. [original description: p. 92]

Additional references

Csiki, E. 1919: Scydmaenidae. Coleopterorum catalogus, 70: 1–106.
Grebennikov, V.V.; Newton, A.F. 2007: Good-bye Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera): larval morphology and 18S rDNA sequence suggest that rove beetles are paraphyletic with respect to ant-like stone beetles. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 47: 299–300.
Grebennikov, V.V.; Newton, A.F. 2009: Good-bye Scydmaenidae, or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo (Coleoptera). European journal of entomology, 106: 275–301.
I.Löbl & A.Smetana (eds). 2004 Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2: Hydrophiloidea-Staphylinoidea.
Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark ISBN 87-88757-74-9, p. 203
Newton, A.F.; Franz, H. 1998: World catalog of the genera of Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera). Koleopterologische rundschau, 68: 137–165. ISSN: 0075-6547
O'Keefe, S.T. 1998. "Zur Kenntnis der Scydmaeniden der Welt": the contributions of Herbert Franz to scydmaenid taxonomy (1952-1997). Koleopterologische rundschau, 68: 119–136.
O'Keefe, S.T. 2000: Ant-like stone beetles, ants, and their associations (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae; Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Isoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 108: 273–303.
O'Keefe, S.T. 2000: Nomenclatorial corrections for Latin American Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea). Coleopterists bulletin, 54: 61–67.
O'Keefe, S.T. 2008: Catalog of the New World Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea). University of California publications in entomology, 123.

Vernacular names
Deutsch: Ameisenkäfer
English: ant-like stone beetles
한국어: 이끼벌레아과
lietuvių: Piktvabaliai
norsk: Perlebiller
русский: Сцидмениды

Scydmaeninae are a subfamily of small beetles, commonly called ant-like stone beetles or scydmaenines. These beetles occur worldwide, and the subfamily includes some 4,500 species in about 80 genera. Established as a family, they were reduced in status to a subfamily of Staphylinidae in 2009 [1]

Many scydmaenine species have a narrowing between head and thorax and thorax and abdomen, resulting in a passing resemblance to ants that inspires their common name. The largest measure just 3 millimeters long, while some very small species only reach half a millimeter in length. Scydmaenids typically live in leaf litter and rotting logs in forests, preferring moist habitats. A number of types are known to feed on oribatid mites, using "hole scraping" and "cutting" techniques to get through the mite's hard shells.

In addition to the two living subfamilies, the prehistoric subfamily Hapsomelinae, known only from fossils, has been placed here.
Selected genera

Cephennium
Elacatophora Schaufuss, 1884 (including Borneosabahia)
Euconnus Thomson, 1859
Eutheia
Horaeomorphus Schaufuss, 1889
Loeblites Franz, 1986
Microscydmus Saulcy & Croissandeau, 1893
Nevraphes
Parastenichnaphes Franz, 1984
Penicillidmus Jałoszyński, 2014[2]
Protoscydmus Franz, 1992
Scydmaenus
Siamites Franz, 1989
Stenichnus Thomson, 1859
Synidcus Motschulsky, 1851

Extinct genera

Clade Cephenniitae Reitter 1882
Tribe Cephenniini Reitter 1882
†Praphennium Jałoszyński 2018 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Tribe Eutheiini Casey 1897
†Archeutheia Jałoszyński and Peris 2016 El Soplao amber (Spanish amber), Spain, Albian
Clade Mastigitae Fleming 1821
Tribe Clidicini Casey 1897
†Palaeoleptochromus O'Keefe 1997 Canadian amber, Foremost Formation, Campanian
Tribe Leptochromini Jałoszyński and Brunke 2018
†Euroleptochromus Jałoszyński 2012 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Rovnoleptochromus Jałoszyński and Perkovsky 2016 Rovno amber, Ukraine, Eocene
Clade Scydmaenitae Leach 1815
†Kachinus Chatzimanolis et al. 2010 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Tribe Scydmaenini Leach 1815
†Kuafu Yin et al. 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Tribe Stenichnini Fauvel 1885
†Cenomaniola Jałoszyński and Yamamoto 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Glaesoconnus Jałoszyński and Perkovsky 2016 Rovno amber, Ukraine, Eocene
†Hyperstenichnus Jałoszyński and Perrichot 2017 Vendée amber, France, Turonian
†Nuegua Yin et al. 2018 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Pangusyndicus Yin et al. 2018 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Scydmobisetia Jałoszyński and Yamamoto 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Taimyraphes Jałoszyński and Perkovsky 2019 Taimyr amber, Russia, Santonian
†Clade Hapsomelitae Poinar and Brown 2004
†Ektatotricha Chatzimanolis et al. 2010 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Electroatopos Chatzimanolis et al. 2010 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
†Hapsomela Poinar and Brown 2004 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Incertae sedis
†Cryptodiodon Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Electroscydmaenus Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Hetereuthia Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Heuretus Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Microlynx Kohring and Schlüter 1989 Sicilian amber, Miocene
†Palaeothia Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Pinitoides Motschulsky 1856 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Scydmaenoides Motschulsky 1856 Baltic amber, Eocene
†Semnodioceras Schaufuss 1890 Baltic amber, Eocene

References

Notes

Grebennikov, V.V. and Newton, A.F. 2009. Good-bye Scydmaenidae: or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo (Coleoptera). European Journal of Entomology 106: 275-301.

Jałoszyński, Paweł (February 2019). "Three new species of Penicillidmus in the Philippines (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4563 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.11. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 10 July 2019.

Sources

Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2001), vol. 1