Pyrgini

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Pyrginae
Tribus: Pyrgini
Genera: Anisochoria – Antigonus – Bralus – Burnsius – Canesia – Carrhenes – Celotes – Chaetocneme – Chirgus – Cornuphallus – Ctenoptilum – Diaeus – Eracon – Heliopetes – Onenses – Paches – Plumbago – Pseudodrephalys – Pyrgus – Santa – Spioniades – Systasea – Timochreon – Trina – Xenophanes – Zobera – Zopyrion

References

Bell, E.L. & Comstock, W.P. 1948. A new genus and some new species and subspecies of American Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 1379: 1–23. PDF. Reference page.
Burmeister, H. 1878. Description physique de la République Argentine... Vol. 5: Lépidoptères (1). Paris & Buenos Aires, vi+524pp, 24 pls. BHL Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Steinhauser, S.R., 1989. Taxonomic notes and descriptions of new taxa in the neotropical Hesperiidae. Part I. Pyrginae. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 127: 1–70. Reference page.
Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5): 642–676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x PDF Reference page.

The Pyrgini are a tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, the Pyrgini contained the largest number of genera among these. But this overly wide delimitation has since turned out to be paraphyletic.[1]

One of the traditional Pyrginae tribes, the Eudamini, had to be raised to subfamily rank as Eudaminae. Some genera now in the Eudaminae were placed in the Pyrgini in earlier times. In addition, a number of additional tribes – Achlyodidini, Carcharodini and Erynnini – are now usually recognized again. These are close relatives of the Pyrgini sensu stricto, and may just as well be included in them as they used to be: together they do still form a monophyletic group. Most authors prefer to keep them separate however, as each is an apomorphic and biogeographically distinct lineage of the Pyrgini sensu lato. Of these newly recognized tribes, the Achlyodidini are closest to the Pyrgini, but conspicuously differ from the latter in their unusually-shaped wings.[1]
Genera

The genera of the Pyrgini, after genomic research published in 2019, are:[2][1][3]

Anisochoria Mabille, 1877
Antigonus Hübner, 1819
Burnsius Grishin, 2019 (New World checkered-skippers)
Carrhenes Godman & Salvin, 1895
Celotes Godman & Salvin, 1899 (streaky-skippers)
Chirgus Grishin, 2019
Clito Evans, 1953
Diaeus Godman & Salvin, 1895
Eracon Godman & Salvin, 1894
Heliopetes Billberg, 1820 (white-skippers)
Onenses Godman & Salvin, 1895
Paches Godman & Salvin, 1895
Plumbago Evans, 1953
Pseudodrephalys Burns, 1998
Pyrgus Hübner, 1819 (checkered-skippers)
Spioniades Hübner, 1819
Systasea W. H. Edwards, 1877 (powdered-skippers)
Timochreon Godman & Salvin, 1896
Trina Evans, 1953
Xenophanes Godman & Salvin, 1895
Zobera Freeman, 1970
Zopyrion Godman & Salvin, 1896

Footnotes

Brower & Warren (2007)
Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; et al. (2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13): 6232–6237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.

Pelham, Jonathan P. (2021). A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (Report).

References

Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew (2007): Tree of Life Web Project – Pyrgini. Version of 2007-MAR-04. Retrieved 2009-DEC-26.