Pyralinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Pyraloidea

Familia: Pyralidae
Subfamilia: Pyralinae
Tribus: Endotrichini - Hypotiini - Pyralini

Overview of genera not assigned to a tribus

Genera: Acteniopsis – Adulis – Aglossodes – Angenora – Barbutodes – Benderia – Betsimisaraka – Boudinotodes – Cassouodes – Danaka – Datanoides – Delopterus – Diloxia – Discordia – Epacternis – Episindris – Euryzona – Euryzonella – Fujimacia – Goateria – Haplosindris – Katja – Kawiella – Kilimandjaria – Koremalepis – Lampropygia – Lantzina – Lantzodes – Lorymodes – Mabokia – Mabokiana – Marionana – Mesosindris – Namibina – Namibiodes – Nhoabe – Nussia – Nussodes – Paractenia – Paravetta – Paredra – Perula – Peucela – Philotis – Pithyllis – Praekatja – Pseudosacada – Pseudozitha – Pyralosis – Rungsina – Sacada – Scotomera – Sindris – Sybrida – Tamraca – Tegulifera – Toccolosida – Trichauchenia – Triphassa – Tyndis – Vietnamodes – Xestula – Zitha – Zithina
References

Leraut, P., 2006: Study of some genera of Pyralinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 23 (1): 57–74.
Leraut, P., 2010: Étude d'un nouveau genre des pyrales (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Revue française d'Entomologie '31 (3–4): 139–152.
Leraut, P., 2011: New pyralid of the subfamily Pyralinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 27 (3): 213–236.
Leraut, P.J.A. 2013: New species and genera of Pyralinae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 118(1): 41–72. full article Reference page.
Leraut, P.J.A. 2019a. Contribution à l’étude de quelques genres de Pyralinae (Lepidoptera Pyralidae). Antenor, Études de lépidoptérologie tropicale, Paris 6(2): 116–122. Reference page.
Leraut, P.J.A. 2019c. Contribution à l'étude des Pyralidae d'Afrique et de Madagascar, avec description d'un genre nouveau et de 22 espèces nouvelles (Lep. : Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Revue Française d’Entomologie Générale 1(3): 211-233. Reference page.
Mey, W., 2011: New and little known species of Lepidoptera of southwestern Africa. Esperiana Buchreihe zur Entomologie Memoir 6: 146–261.
Regier, J.C. et al., 2012: A molecular phylogeny for the pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) and its implications for higher-level classification. Systematic Entomology 37 (4): 635–656. Abstract: DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00641.x.
Solis, M.A., 1999, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 53 (1): 1–10. [1].
Viette, P., 1953: Nouvelles Pyrales de Madagascar (Lep. Pyralidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 58: 130–134.
Viette, P.E.L., 1953: Descriptions de nouvelles espèces de Pyrales de la faune Malgache (Insecta: Lepidoptera)., Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 22 (8): 203–209.
Viette, P.E.L. 1960. Pyrales nouvelles ou peu connues de Madagascar et des Comores (Lep.). Annales de la Société entomologique de France 129: 151–177. Reference page.

Links

Global information system on pyraloidea [2].

The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae) and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.[1]

Description and ecology
Adult Endotricha flammealis of the Endotrichini in typical resting pose

This subfamily unites generally mid-sized to smallish moths with a more or less cryptic coloration including most often various hues of brownish colors. Adult females of Pyralinae (except Cardamyla and Embryoglossa) are characterized by the short genital ductus bursae, their corpus bursae barely extending forward beyond abdominal segment 7. Otherwise they are rather nondescript mid-sized moths (large by Pyralidae standards) which at least sometimes can be distinguished from their relatives by possessing forewing vein 7 and having hindwing veins 7 and 8 unjoined as adults.[2]

The meal moth (Pyralis farinalis) and the grease moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) are pests of stored food products, in the case of the grease moth including fats (which are also eaten by the adult moths), and have been inadvertently spread almost worldwide by transport of such goods. Most other species' caterpillars are leaf feeders; the extremely polyphagous larvae of Pyralis manihotalis have been reared from bat guano.[1]
Systematics

The systematics and taxonomy of this subfamily is somewhat provisional. No quantitative phylogenetic analysis had been done as of 2007, though in the mid-late 1990s Michael Shaffer of the London Natural History Museum and Maria Alma Solis of the NMNH prepared the groundwork for further studies by their comprehensive qualitative reviews of Pyralinae morphology. Some cladistic studies of the Pyraloidea do exist however, and these place the Pyralinae among the advanced snout moths, a lineage which otherwise includes the even more autapomorphic subfamilies Epipaschiinae and Phycitinae.[1]

Even though the Pyralinae contain a high number of genera and species, there are a mere three tribes generally accepted nowadays; others that were proposed earlier (in some cases even as independent subfamilies within Pyralidae) are presently treated as junior synonyms of the Pyralini. A large number of genera are considered not to be reliably assignable to one of the three tribes; it is not at all certain that the presently-used subdivisions of the Pyralinae are the last word on the issue.[1]

The tribes – with some significant genera and species also noted – and the genera of unclear affiliation in this subfamily are:[3]

Endotrichini Ragonot, 1890 (= Endotrichinae)

Endotricha Zeller, 1847
Endotricha flammealis
Endotricha ignealis
Endotricha pyrosalis
Persicoptera Meyrick, 1884
Persicoptera compsopa

Hypotiini Chapman, 1902 (= Hypotiinae)

Hypotia Zeller, 1847

Pyralini

Almost 40 genera

Genera incertae sedis

Acteniopsis Amsel, 1959
Adulis Ragonot, 1891
Aglossodes Ragonot, 1891
Antisindris Marion, 1955
Arctioblepsis C. & R.Felder, 1862
Benderia Amsel, 1949
Betsimisaraka Marion, 1955
Burgeonidea Ghesquière, 1942
Celetostola Meyrick, 1936
Comaria Ragonot, 1892
Cosmethella Munroe & Shaffer, 1980
Delopterus Janse, 1922
Diboma Walker, 1863
Diloxia Hampson, 1896
Discordia Swinhoe, 1885
Elaealis Hampson, 1906
Embryoglossa Warren, 1896
Epacternis Meyrick, 1933
Ethelontides Meyrick, 1934
Euryzonella Ghesquière, 1942
Eutrichodes Warren, 1891
Grammiphlebia Hampson, 1906
Gvelilia Strand, 1920
Haplosindris Viette, 1953
Heterocrasa Warren, 1896
Hirayamaia Marumo, 1917
Hyboloma Ragonot, 1891
Hypanchyla Warren, 1891
Hypsidia Rothschild, 1896
Imerina Ragonot, 1891
Lamacha Walker, 1863
Larice Ragonot, 1892
Latagognoma Tams, 1935
Lophocera Kenrick, 1917
Lorymav Walker, 1859 (Pyralini?)
Lorymana Strand, 1915
Lorymodes Hampson, 1917
Macropyralis Amsel, 1953
Marionana Viette, 1953
Maschalandra Meyrick, 1937
Meca Karsch, 1900
Megalomia Ragonot, 1891
Melanalis Hampson, 1906
Mesosindris Viette, 1967
Methora Walker, 1866
Micromystix de Joannis, 1929
Mimicia Caradja, 1925
Minooa Yamanaka, 1996
Mittonia Whalley, 1964
Namibina Leraut, 2007
Namibiodes Leraut, 2007
Neobostra Hampson, 1906
Nhoabe Viette, 1953
Nussia Leraut, 2009
Ocydina Meyrick, 1936
Omphalobasella Strand, 1915
Omphalomia Swinhoe, 1894
Orybina Snellen, 1895
Parachmidia Hampson, 1896
Paraglossa Hampson, 1906
Paraphycita Hampson, 1901
Perforadix Sein, 1930
Perula Mabille, 1900
Peucela Ragonot, 1891
Phasga Walker, 1863
Pithyllis Grünberg, 1910
Poliostola Janse, 1922
Polycampsis Warren, 1896
Propachys Walker, 1863
Proropera Warren, 1896
Prosaris Meyrick, 1894
Proteinia Hampson, 1896
Pseudozitha Leraut, 2007
Pyralosis Amsel, 1957
Rhynchetera Hampson, 1896
Rhynchopygia Hampson, 1896
Rostripalpus Hampson, 1896
Rungsina Leraut, 2004
Sacada Walker, 1862
Setomigma Ghesquière, 1942
Scotomera Butler, 1881 (Pyralini?)
Sindris Boisduval, 1833
Sphalerosticha Warren, 1897
Sybrida Walker, 1865
Tegulifera Saalmüller, 1880 (Pyralini?)
Toccolosida Walker, 1863
Trihauchenia Warren, 1892
Triphassa Hübner, 1818
Tyndis Ragonot, 1891
Vitessidia Rothschild & Jordan, 1905
Xenomilia Warren, 1896
Zitha Walker, [1866] (including Tamraca; Pyralini?)

The genus Micronix, formerly placed here, seems to belong to the Crambidae, but its exact placement is obscure. For a similar case, see Tanaobela.
Footnotes

Solis (2007)
Clarke (1986), Solis (2007)

See references in Savela (2011)

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyralinae.

Clarke, John Frederick Gates (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 416: 1–485. PDF fulltext (214 MB!)
Savela, Markku (2011): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Pyralinae. Version of 2011-MAR-03. Retrieved 2011-MAY-29.
Solis, M. Alma (2007): Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Revista Colombiana de Entomología 33(1): 1-8 [English with Spanish abstract]. HTML fulltext