Pteromalidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Chalcidoidea

Familia:Pteromalidae
Subfamiliae (35): Asaphesinae – Austrosystasinae – Austroterobiinae – Ceinae – Cerocephalinae – Chromeurytominae – Cleonyminae – Coelocybinae – Colotrechninae – Cratominae – Diparinae – Ditropinotellinae – Elatoidinae – Epichrysomallinae – Erotolepsiinae – Eunotinae – Eutrichosomatinae – Herbertiinae – Keiraninae – Leptofoeninae – Louriciinae – Macromesinae – Miscogasterinae – Nefoeninae – Neodiparinae – Ormocerinae – Otitesellinae – Panstenoninae – Parasaphodinae – Pireninae – Pteromalinae – Spalangiinae – Storeyinae – Sycoecinae – Sycoryctinae
Overview of genera (592 + 1†)
A

Ablaxia – Abomalus – Acaenacis – Acerocephala – Acoelocyba – Acroclisella – Acroclisis – Acroclisissa – Acroclisoides – Acroclypa – Acrocormus – Aditrochus – Aeschylia – Afropsilocera – Agamerion – Aggelma – Agiommatus – Agrilocida – Aiemea – Allocricellius – Alloderma – Alticornis – Alyxiaphagus – Amandia – Amazonisca – Amblyharma – Amblypachus – Ambogaster – Amerostenus – Ammeia – Amoturella – Amphidocius – Andersena – Angulifrons – Anisopteromalus – Ankaratrella – Anogmoides – Anogmus – Anorbanus – Apelioma – Aphobetus – Apsilocera – Apycnetron – Arachnopteromalus – Ardilea – Arriva – Arthrolytus – Asaphes – Asaphoideus – Asparagobius – Atrichomalus – Ausasaphes – Australeunotus – Australicesa – Australolaelaps – Australurios – Austrosystasis – Austroterobia –
B

Bairamlia – Balrogia – Baridobius – Blascoa – Bofuria – Boharticus – Bohpa – Bomburia – Bonitoa – Boucekina – Boucekius – Brachycaudonia – Brachyscelidiphaga – Bruesisca – Bubekia – Bubekiana – Bugacia – Bulolosa – Bupronotum –
C

Caenacis – Caenocrepis – Callicarolynia – Callimerismus – Callimomoides – Calliprymna – Callitula – Callocleonymus – Calolelaps – Cameronella – Canada – Canberrana – Capellia – Catolaccus – Cavitas – Cea – Cecidellis – Cecidolampa – Cecidostiba – Cecidoxenus – Cephaleta – Ceratetra – Cerocephala – Cerodipara – Chadwickia – Chalcedectus – Chalcidiscelis – Cheiropachus – Chimaerolelaps – Chlorocytus – Choetospilisca – Chromeurytoma – Chrysoglyphe – Cleonymus – Coelocyba – Coelocyboides – Coelopisthia – Collentis – Collessina – Colotrechnus – Conigastrus – Conodipara – Conomorium – Conophorisca – Cooloolana – Coruna – Cratomus – Cryptoprymna – Cybopella – Cyclogastrella – Cyrtogaster – Cyrtophagoides – Cyrtoptyx –
D

Dasycleonymus – Dasyneurophaga – Delisleia – Delucchia – Desantisiana – Dibrachoides – Dibrachys – Diconocara – Diglochis – Dimachus – Dinarmoides – Dinarmolaelaps – Dinarmus – Dineuticida – Dinotiscus – Dinotoides – Diourbelia – Dipachystigma – Dipara – Dirhicnus – Ditropinotella – Divna – Doddifoenus – Doganlaria – Dorcatomophaga – Dozodipara – Drailea – Dudichilla – Dvalinia –
E

Ecrizotes – Ecrizotomorpha – Elachertodomyia – Elachertoidea – Elatoides – Elderia – Encyrtocephalus – Endomychobius – Enoggera – Eopteromalites – Epanogmus – Epelatus – Epicatolaccus – Epicopterus – Epipteromalus – Epistenia – Epiterobia – Erdoesia – Erdoesina – Erixestus – Erotolepsia – Erotolepsiella – Errolia – Erythromalus – Espinosa – Eucoelocybomyia – Eulonchetron – Eumacepolus – Euneura – Eunotomyiia – Eunotopsia – Eunotus – Eupelmophotismus – Eurydinota – Eurydinoteloides – Eurydinotomorpha – Eurytomomma – Eutelisca – Euteloida – Eutrichosoma – Ezgia –
F

Fanamokala – Fedelia – Ferrierelus – Ficicola – Fijita – Frena – Fusiterga –
G

Gahanisca – Gastracanthus – Gastrancistrus – Gbelcia – Genangula – Globimesosoma – Globonila – Glorimontana – Glyphognathus – Glyphotoma – Gnathophorisca – Goidanichium – Golovissima – Grissellium – Grooca – Guancheria – Gugolzia – Guinea – Guolina – Gyrinophagus –
H

Habritella – Habritys – Habromalina – Hadroepistenia – Haliplogeton – Halomalus – Halticoptera – Halticopterella – Halticopterina – Halticopteroides – Hansonita – Harrizia – Hedqvistia – Hedqvistina – Helocasis – Hemadas – Hemitrichus – Herbertia – Heteroprymna – Heteroschema – Hetreulophus – Heydenia – Heydeniopsis – Hillerita – Hirtonila – Hlavka – Hobbya – Holcaeus – Homoporus – Hubena – Huberina – Hyperimerus – Hypopteromalus –
I

Idioporus – Indoclava – Inkaka – Ischyroptyx – Ismaya – Isocyrtella – Isocyrtus – Isoplatoides –
J

Jaliscoa – Janssoniella –
K

Kaleva – Kazina – Keesia – Keirana – Kerya – Klabonosa – Kneva – Kratinka – Kratka – Krivena – Ksenoplata – Kukua – Kumarella –
L

Laesthiola – Lampoterma – Lamprotatus – Lanthanomyia – Lariophagus – Lasallea – Laticlypa – Lelaps – Lelapsomorpha – Lenka – Leodamus – Leptofoenus – Leptogasterites – Leptomeraporus – Licteria – Liepara – Lincolna – Lisseurytoma – Lomonosoffiella – Lonchetron – Longinucha – Lycisca – Lyrcus – Lysirina – Lyubana –
M

Macroglenes – Macromesus – Makaronesa – Manineura – Maorita – Marxiana – Mauleus – Mayrellus – Mazinawa – Megadicylus – Megamelanosoma – Melancistrus – Merallus – Meraporus – Merismoclea – Merismomorpha – Merismus – Merisus – Mesamotura – Mesolelaps – Mesolelaps – Mesopeltita – Mesopolobus – Metacolus – Metastenus – Meximalus – Micradelus – Mimencyrtus – Mirekia – Miristhma – Miscogaster – Miscogasteriella – Mnoonema – Mokrzeckia – Monazosa – Monoksa – Moranila – Morodora – Muesebeckisia – Muscidifurax – Myrmicolelaps –
N

Nadelaia – Nambouria – Narendrella – Nasonia – Nazgulia – Neanica – Neapterolelaps – Neboissia – Nedinotus – Nefoenus – Neocalosoter – Neocatolaccus – Neochalcissia – Neocylus – Neodipara – Neoepistenia – Neolelaps – Neolyubana – Neoperilampus – Neopolycystus – Neosciatheras – Neoskeloceras – Neotoxeumorpha – Nephelomalus – Nepistenia – Nerotolepsia – Netomocera – Nikolskayana – Nodisoplata – Norbanus – Nosodipara – Notanisus – Notoglyptus – Notoprymna – Novitzkyanus – Nuchata –
O

Oaxa – Obalana – Ogloblinisca – Omphalodipara – Oniticellobia – Oodera – Oomara – Ophelosia – Oricoruna – Ormocerus – Ormyromorpha – Ottaria – Ottawita – Oxyglypta – Oxyharma – Oxysychus –
P

Pachycrepoideus – Pachyneuron – Pachyneuronella – Pandelus – Panstenon – Papuopsia – Parabruchobius – Paracarotomus – Paracerocephala – Paracroclisis – Paradinarmus – Paraiemea – Paralaesthia – Paralamprotatus – Paralycisca – Parasaphodes – Paratomicobia – Parepistenia – Paroxyharma – Patiyana – Peckianus – Pegopus – Peridesmia – Perilampella – Perilampidea – Perilampomyia – Perniphora – Pestra – Petipirene – Pezilepsis – Phaenocytus – Plastobelyta – Platecrizotes – Platneptis – Platygerrhus – Platypteromalus – Playaspalangia – Ploskana – Plutothrix – Podivna – Polstonia – Premiscogaster – Procallitula – Proglochin – Promerisus – Promuscidea – Propicroscytus – Propodeia – Proshizonotus – Protoepistenia – Pseudanogmus – Pseudetroxys – Pseudocatolaccus – Pseudoceraphron – Psilocera – Psilonotus – Psychophagoides – Psychophagus – Pterapicus – Pterisemoppa – Pteromalinites – Pteromalus – Pterosemigastra – Pterosemopsis – Ptinocida – Pycnetron – Pyramidophoriella –
Q

Queenslandia – Quercanus –
R

Rakosina – Raspela – Rhaphitelus – Rhicnocoelia – Rhopalicus – Riekisura – Rivasia – Rohatina – Romanisca – Roptrocerus –
S

Scaphepistenia – Sceptrothelys – Schimitschekia – Schizonotus – Sciatherellus – Scutellista – Sedma – Seladerma – Selimnus – Semiotellus – Sennia – Shedoepistenia – Sigynia – Sirovena – Sisyridivora – Solenura – Sorosina – Spalangia – Spalangiopelta – Spaniopus – Spathopus – Sphaeripalpus – Sphegigaster – Sphegigastrella – Sphegipterosema – Sphegipterosemella – Spilomalus – Spinancistrus – Spintherus – Spodophagus – Staurothyreus – Stenetra – Stenomalina – Stenophrus – Stenoselma – Stichocrepis – Stictolelaps – Stictomischus – Stinoplus – Storeya – Strejcekia – Striatacanthus – Sympotomus – Synedrus – Syntomopus – Systasis – Systellogaster – Systolomorpha – Szelenyinus –
T

Tanina – Tanzanicesa – Teasienna – Telepsogina – Termolampa – Terobiella – Thaumasura – Thektogaster – Theocolax – Thinodytes – Thureonella – Tomicobia – Tomicobiella – Tomicobomorpha – Tomicobomorphella – Tomocerodes – Toxeuma – Toxeumella – Toxeumelloides – Toxeumorpha – Trichargyrus – Trichilogaster – Trichokaleva – Trichomalopsis – Trichomalus – Tricolas – Tricyclomischus – Trigonoderopsis – Trigonoderus – Trigonogastrella – Trinotiscus – Tripteromalus – Tritneptis – Trjapitzinia – Trychnosoma – Tsela – Tumor –
U

Uniclypea – Uriellopteromalus – Urolepis – Urolycisca – Usubaia – Uzka –
V

Velepirene – Veltrusia – Vespita – Vrestovia –
W

Watshamia – Wesenbergia – Westra – Westwoodiana – Wubina –
X

Xantheurytoma – Xestomnaster – Xiphydriophagus –
Y

Yanchepia – Yosemitea – Yrka – Yusufia –
Z

Zdenekiana – Zeala – Zebe – Zolotarewskya – †Dominocephala
Source(s) of checklist:

[sources: Koçak & Kemal (2009: 6), UCD (accessed 2011-05-19), plus (2) Keesia – †Dominocephala
]
Name

Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820
References

Burks, R.A. 2012. Formation of family group names using the stem of -gaster, with special reference to names based on Miscogaster and Sphegigaster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3389: 61–64. Preview Reference page.
Farooqi, S.I. & Subba Rao, B.R. 1986. Family Pteromalidae. (In: Subba Rao, B.R. & Hayat, M. (Eds) The Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of India and the adjacent countries. Part II.) Oriental Insects 20. Full chapter (PDF)
Gibson, G.A.P. 2015. The presence of Notanisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in North America and revision of the oulmesiensis species group. Zootaxa 3948(3): 422–450. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.4 Preview (PDF). Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Gómez, J.F. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. 2012. Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189': 39–55. Preview (PDF)
Graham, M.W.R.de V. 1969. The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), entomology, supplement 16: 1-908.BHL. Reference page.
Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. 2009. Nomenclatural notes on some generic names of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara miscellaneous papers (150): 5–6. Internet Archive
Salazar-Vallejo, S.I. 2016. Elisesione, a new name for Wesenbergia Hartman, 1955, and the description of a new species (Annelida, Hesionidae). ZooKeys 632: 1–12. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.632.9652. Reference page.

Links

Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist [out of date harvest from UCD (Sep 2007)]

Vernacular names
日本語: コガネコバチ科

The Pteromalidae are a very large family of mostly parasitoid wasps, with some 3,450 described species in about 640 genera (the number was greater, but many species and genera have been reduced by synonymy in recent years). The subfamily-level divisions of the family are highly contentious and unstable, and the family is thought to be "artificial", composed of numerous, distantly related groups (polyphyletic). Accordingly, details of their life histories range over nearly the entire range possible within the Chalcidoidea, though the majority are (as with most chalcidoids) parasitoids of other insects. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and many are important as biological control agents. The oldest known fossil is known from the Early Cretaceous[1]

In essence, a "pteromalid" is any member of the Chalcidoidea that has five-segmented tarsi and does not have the defining features of any of the remaining families with five-segmented tarsi. It is highly probable that this family will be divided into several families in the near future.[2]

Description

Usually metallic Chalcidoids of varying body size (from 1–48 mm long) and build (slender to quite robust), with the tarsi of the fore and hind legs consisting of five segments, which carry antennae consisting of eight to thirteen segments (including up to 3 annelli), and that in fully winged forms have in the fore wing a marginal vein that is at least several times longer than broad, very often with well-developed postmarginal and stigmal veins, although these are rarely quite short, and nearly always a distinct speculum.[3]
Ecology

The life strategies of the species in this family vary greatly. There are both solitary and gregarious species, living outside (ectoparasitoid) or inside their prey (endoparasitoid), koinobionts and idiobionts, primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids and even predators that kill and consume the prey immediately;[3] they also include fig wasp genera. Because of their parasitoid nature, wasps of this family are often used as biological control agents for destructive pests such as american serpentine leafminers.[4] Pteromalus cassotis is a parasitoid of the monarch butterfly.[5]
Subfamilies (32-35)

Asaphesinae - Austrosystasinae - Austroterobiinae - Ceinae - Cerocephalinae - Chromeurytominae - Cleonyminae - Coelocybinae - Colotrechninae - Cratominae - Diparinae - Ditropinotellinae - Elatoidinae - Epichrysomallinae - Erotolepsiinae - Eunotinae - Herbertiinae - Keiraninae - Leptofoeninae - Louriciinae - Macromesinae - Miscogasterinae - Nefoeninae - Neodiparinae - Ormocerinae - Panstenoninae - Parasaphodinae - Pireninae - Pteromalinae - Spalangiinae - Storeyinae - Sycoecinae - Sycoryctinae
List of genera (591 + 1†)

Ablaxia - Abomalus - Acaenacis - Acerocephala - Acoelocyba - Acroclisella - Acroclisis - Acroclisissa - Acroclisoides - Acroclypa - Acrocormus - Aditrochus - Aeschylia - Afropsilocera - Agamerion - Aggelma - Agiommatus - Agrilocida - Aiemea - Allocricellius - Alloderma - Alticornis - Alyxiaphagus - Amandia - Amazonisca - Amblyharma - Amblypachus - Ambogaster - Amerostenus - Ammeia - Amoturella - Amphidocius - Andersena - Angulifrons - Anisopteromalus - Ankaratrella - Anogmoides - Anogmus - Anorbanus - Apelioma - Aphobetus - Apsilocera - Apycnetron - Arachnopteromalus - Ardilea - Arriva - Arthrolytus - Asaphes - Asaphoideus - Asparagobius - Atrichomalus - Ausasaphes - Australeunotus - Australicesa - Australolaelaps - Australurios - Austrosystasis - Austroterobia - Bairamlia - Balrogia - Baridobius - Blascoa - Bofuria - Boharticus - Bohpa - Bomburia - Bonitoa - Boucekina - Boucekius - Brachycaudonia - Brachyscelidiphaga - Bruesisca - Bubekia - Bubekiana - Bugacia - Bulolosa - Bupronotum - Caenacis - Caenocrepis - Callicarolynia - Callimerismus - Callimomoides - Calliprymna - Callitula - Callocleonymus - Calolelaps - Cameronella - Canada - Canberrana - Capellia - Catolaccus - Cavitas - Cea - Cecidellis - Cecidolampa - Cecidostiba - Cecidoxenus - Cephaleta - Ceratetra - Cerocephala - Cerodipara - Chadwickia - Chalcedectus - Chalcidiscelis - Cheiropachus - Chimaerolelaps - Chlorocytus - Choetospilisca - Chromeurytoma - Chrysoglyphe - Cleonymus - Coelocyba - Coelocyboides - Coelopisthia - Collentis - Collessina - Colotrechnus - Conigastrus - Conodipara - Conomorium - Conophorisca - Cooloolana - Coruna - Cratomus - Cryptoprymna - Cybopella - Cyclogastrella - Cyrtogaster - Cyrtophagoides - Cyrtoptyx - Dasycleonymus - Dasyneurophaga - Delisleia - Delucchia - Desantisiana - Dibrachoides - Dibrachys - Diconocara - Diglochis - Dimachus - Dinarmoides - Dinarmolaelaps - Dinarmus - Dineuticida - Dinotiscus - Dinotoides - Diourbelia - Dipachystigma - Dipara - Dirhicnus - Ditropinotella - Divna - Doddifoenus - Doganlaria - Dorcatomophaga - Dozodipara - Drailea - Dudichilla - Dvalinia - Ecrizotes - Ecrizotomorpha - Elachertodomyia - Elachertoidea - Elatoides - Elderia - Encyrtocephalus - Endomychobius - Enoggera - Eopteromalites - Epanogmus - Epelatus - Epicatolaccus - Epicopterus - Epipteromalus - Epistenia - Epiterobia - Erdoesia - Erdoesina - Erixestus - Erotolepsia - Erotolepsiella - Errolia - Erythromalus - Espinosa - Eucoelocybomyia - Eulonchetron - Eumacepolus - Euneura - Eunotomyiia - Eunotopsia - Eunotus - Eupelmophotismus - Eurydinota - Eurydinoteloides - Eurydinotomorpha - Eurytomomma - Eutelisca - Euteloida - Ezgia - Fanamokala - Fedelia - Ferrierelus - Ficicola - Fijita - Frena - Fusiterga - Gahanisca - Gastracanthus - Gastrancistrus - Gbelcia - Genangula - Globimesosoma - Globonila - Glorimontana - Glyphognathus - Glyphotoma - Gnathophorisca - Goidanichium - Golovissima - Grissellium - Grooca - Guancheria - Gugolzia - Guinea - Guolina - Gyrinophagus - Habritella - Habritys - Habromalina - Hadroepistenia - Haliplogeton - Halomalus - Halticoptera - Halticopterella - Halticopterina - Halticopteroides - Hansonita - Harrizia - Hedqvistia - Hedqvistina - Helocasis - Hemadas - Hemitrichus - Herbertia - Heteroprymna - Heteroschema - Hetreulophus - Heydenia - Heydeniopsis - Hillerita - Hirtonila - Hlavka - Hobbya - Holcaeus - Homoporus - Hubena - Huberina - Hyperimerus - Hypopteromalus - Idioporus - Indoclava - Inkaka - Ischyroptyx - Ismaya - Isocyrtella - Isocyrtus - Isoplatoides - Jaliscoa - Janssoniella - Kaleva - Kazina - Keesia - Keirana - Kerya - Klabonosa - Kneva - Kratinka - Kratka - Krivena - Ksenoplata - Kukua - Kumarella - Laesthiola - Lampoterma - Lamprotatus - Lanthanomyia - Lariophagus - Lasallea - Laticlypa - Lelaps - Lelapsomorpha - Lenka - Leodamus - Leptofoenus - Leptogasterites - Leptomeraporus - Licteria - Liepara - Lincolna - Lisseurytoma - Lomonosoffiella - Lonchetron - Longinucha - Lycisca - Lyrcus - Lysirina - Lyubana - Macroglenes - Macromesus - Makaronesa - Manineura - Maorita - Marxiana - Mauleus - Mayrellus - Mazinawa - Megadicylus - Megamelanosoma - Melancistrus - Merallus - Meraporus - Merismoclea - Merismomorpha - Merismus - Merisus - Mesamotura - Mesolelaps - Mesolelaps - Mesopeltita - Mesopolobus - Metacolus - Metastenus - Meximalus - Micradelus - Mimencyrtus - Mirekia - Miristhma - Miscogaster - Miscogasteriella - Mnoonema - Mokrzeckia - Monazosa - Monoksa - Moranila - Morodora - Muesebeckisia - Muscidifurax - Myrmicolelaps - Nadelaia - Nambouria - Narendrella - Nasonia - Nazgulia - Neanica - Neapterolelaps - Neboissia - Nedinotus - Nefoenus - Neocalosoter - Neocatolaccus - Neochalcissia - Neocylus - Neodipara - Neoepistenia - Neolelaps - Neolyubana - Neoperilampus - Neopolycystus - Neosciatheras - Neoskeloceras - Neotoxeumorpha - Nephelomalus - Nepistenia - Nerotolepsia - Netomocera - Nikolskayana - Nodisoplata - Norbanus - Nosodipara - Notanisus - Notoglyptus - Notoprymna - Novitzkyanus - Nuchata - Oaxa - Obalana - Ogloblinisca - Omphalodipara - Oniticellobia - Oodera - Oomara - Ophelosia - Oricoruna - Ormocerus - Ormyromorpha - Ottaria - Ottawita - Oxyglypta - Oxyharma - Oxysychus - Pachycrepoideus - Pachyneuron - Pachyneuronella - Pandelus - Panstenon - Papuopsia - Parabruchobius - Paracarotomus - Paracerocephala - Paracroclisis - Paradinarmus - Paraiemea - Paralaesthia - Paralamprotatus - Paralycisca - Parasaphodes - Paratomicobia - Parepistenia - Paroxyharma - Patiyana - Peckianus - Pegopus - Peridesmia - Perilampella - Perilampidea - Perilampomyia - Perniphora - Pestra - Petipirene - Pezilepsis - Phaenocytus - Plastobelyta - Platecrizotes - Platneptis - Platygerrhus - Platypteromalus - Playaspalangia - Ploskana - Plutothrix - Podivna - Polstonia - Premiscogaster - Procallitula - Proglochin - Promerisus - Promuscidea - Propicroscytus - Propodeia - Proshizonotus - Protoepistenia - Pseudanogmus - Pseudetroxys - Pseudocatolaccus - Pseudoceraphron - Psilocera - Psilonotus - Psychophagoides - Psychophagus - Pterapicus - Pterisemoppa - Pteromalinites - Pteromalus - Pterosemigastra - Pterosemopsis - Ptinocida - Pycnetron - Pyramidophoriella - Queenslandia - Quercanus - Rakosina - Raspela - Rhaphitelus - Rhicnocoelia - Rhopalicus - Riekisura - Rivasia - Rohatina - Romanisca - Roptrocerus - Scaphepistenia - Sceptrothelys - Schimitschekia - Schizonotus - Sciatherellus - Scutellista - Sedma - Seladerma - Selimnus - Semiotellus - Sennia - Shedoepistenia - Sigynia - Sirovena - Sisyridivora - Solenura - Sorosina - Spalangia - Spalangiopelta - Spaniopus - Spathopus - Sphaeripalpus - Sphegigaster - Sphegigastrella - Sphegipterosema - Sphegipterosemella - Spilomalus - Spinancistrus - Spintherus - Spodophagus - Staurothyreus - Stenetra - Stenomalina - Stenophrus - Stenoselma - Stichocrepis - Stictolelaps - Stictomischus - Stinoplus - Storeya - Strejcekia - Striatacanthus - Sympotomus - Synedrus - Syntomopus - Systasis - Systellogaster - Systolomorpha - Szelenyinus - Tanina - Tanzanicesa - Teasienna - Telepsogina - Termolampa - Terobiella - Thaumasura - Thektogaster - Theocolax - Thinodytes - Thureonella - Tomicobia - Tomicobiella - Tomicobomorpha - Tomicobomorphella - Tomocerodes - Toxeuma - Toxeumella - Toxeumelloides - Toxeumorpha - Trichargyrus - Trichilogaster - Trichokaleva - Trichomalopsis - Trichomalus - Tricolas - Tricyclomischus - Trigonoderopsis - Trigonoderus - Trigonogastrella - Trinotiscus - Tripteromalus - Tritneptis - Trjapitzinia - Trychnosoma - Tsela - Tumor - Uniclypea - Uriellopteromalus - Urolepis - Urolycisca - Usubaia - Uzka - Velepirene - Veltrusia - Vespita - Vrestovia - Watshamia - Westra - Westwoodiana - Wubina - Xantheurytoma - Xestomnaster - Xiphydriophagus - Yanchepia - Yosemitea - Yrka - Yusufia - Zdenekiana - Zeala - Zebe - Zolotarewskya †- Dominocephala[6]
References

Barling, Nathan; Heads, Sam W.; Martill, David M. (October 2013). "A new parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil: The first Mesozoic Pteromalidae". Cretaceous Research. 45: 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.05.001. ISSN 0195-6671.
Several. "Pteromalidae". BugGuide.
B.R. Pitkin. "Pteromalidae". Universal Chalcidoidea Database.
"American serpentine leafminer - Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
Stenoien, Carl; McCoshum, Shaun; Caldwell, Wendy; Anda, Alma De; Oberhauser, Karen (1 January 2015). "New reports that Monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danaus plexippus Linnaeus) are hosts for a pupal parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae, Pteromalus cassotis Walker)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 88 (1): 16–26. doi:10.2317/JKES1402.22.1. S2CID 52231552.
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