Psychopsidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Neuropterida
Ordo: Neuroptera
Subordo: Myrmeleontiformia
Superfamilia: Nemopteroidea

Familia: Psychopsidae
Subfamiliae: Silveirainae –

Genera: †Ainigmapsychops – Balmes – Cabralis – †Grammapsychops – Psychopsis – Silveira – Zygophlebius – †Alloepipsychopsis – †Cretapsychops – †Electropsychops – †Epipsychopsis – †Putzneura – †Undulopsychopsis
References

Bakkes, D.K., Sole, C.L. & Mansell, M.W. 2017. Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). Zootaxa 4362(2): 151–212. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1 Reference page.
Lu, X-M., Zhang, W-W., Ohl, M. & Liu, X-Y. 2017. New genus and species of silky lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Zootaxa 4291(2): 373–383. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.9. Reference page.
Makarkin, V.N. 2010: New psychopsoid Neuroptera from the Early Cretaceous of Baissa, Transbaikalia. Annales de la Société entomologique de France (n.s.), 46 (1-2): 254–261. ISSN: 0037-9271
Makarkin, V.N. 2018. Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids. Zootaxa 4524(5): 581–594. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.5 Paywall Reference page.
Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. 2014. An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. Zootaxa 3838(3): 385–391. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8 Reference page.
Martins-Neto, R.G.; Rodrigues, V.Z. 2010: New neuropteran insects (Osmylidae, Palaeoleontidae, Araripeneuridae and Psychopsidae) from the Santana Formation, Early Cretaceous NE Brazil. Gaea, 6 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.4013/gaea.2010.61.01

Vernacular names
English: Silky lacewings

Psychopsidae is a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are commonly called silky lacewings.

The silky lacewings are distinguishable in their adult stage by their spectacularly patterned and pubescent wings, broad wing shape, dense venation, and the presence of a vena triplica (the apical fusion of three veins in the hindwing).[1][2]

Taxonomy

They were formerly placed in the superfamily Hemerobioidea, but do not seem to be closely related to these net-winged insects at all. Rather, might be closer to the Myrmeleontoidea which contain for example the antlions (Myrmeleontidae). In particular, the spoon-winged laceflies (Nemopteridae) seem to be very closely related to the silky lacewings. These had at one time been placed in a superfamily Nemopteroidea. The fossil family Osmylopsychopidae was - as indicated by their scientific name - initially believed to be intermediate between the Psychopsidae and the Osmylidae. But actually these similarities are due to plesiomorphies in the first case, and simply misperceived in the second; the osmylopsychopids are one of the basal lineages of the Myrmeleontoidea as traditionally defined. The Nemopteroidea were eventually abolished and its members included in the Myrmeleontoidea. But as the silky and spoon-winged lacewings together with the "butterfly" lacewings of the Kalligrammatidae do seem to form a quite distinct clade among the expanded Myrmeleontoidea, it appears well warranted to reinstate the Nemopteroidea for them.

Silky lacewings were especially more diverse from the Triassic period to the Tertiary than in modern times.[1]
Genera and species

The family currently includes five living genera in two subfamilies;[3] there are also a number of extinct genera with uncertain relationships. The extant species are restricted to the Afrotropical (three genera), Indomalayan (one genus) and Australasian (one genus) regions:[4]

Subfamily Psychopsinae

Genus Balmes (Southwestern and Southern Asia)
Balmes birmanus (McLachlan, 1891)
Balmes chikuni Wang & Bao, 2006
Balmes formosus (Kuwayama, 1927)
Balmes notabilis Navás, 1912
Balmes terissinus Navás, 1910

Subfamily Psychopsinae (continued)

Genus Psychopsis Newman, 1842 (Australia)
Psychopsis barnardi Tillyard, 1925
Psychopsis coelivaga (Walker, 1853)
Psychopsis dumigani Tillyard, 1922
Psychopsis elegans (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
Psychopsis gallardi (Tillyard, 1919)
Psychopsis gracilis Tillyard, 1919
Psychopsis illidgei Froggatt, 1903
Psychopsis insolens McLachlan, 1863
Psychopsis maculipennis Tillyard, 1925
Psychopsis margarita Tillyard, 1922
Psychopsis meyricki McLachlan, 1887
Psychopsis mimica Newman, 1842
Psychopsis tillyardi New, 1989

Subfamily Zygophlebiinae
Genus Cabralis Navás, 1912 (central to southern Africa)
Cabralis gloriosus Navás, 1912
Genus Silveira Navás, 1912 (Afrotropical)
Silveira jordani Kimmins, 1939
Silveira marshalli (McLachlan, 1902)
Silveira occultus Tjeder, 1960
Silveira rufus Tjeder, 1960
Genus Zygophlebius Navás, 1910 (central and southern Africa)
Zygophlebius leoninus Navás, 1910
Zygophlebius pseudosilveira Oswald, 1994
Zygophlebius zebra (Brauer, 1889)

incertae sedis genera

The following extinct genera are based on Peng et al. 2011:[1]

Genus †Ainigmapsychops Makarkin & Archibald, 2014
†Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus Makarkin & Archibald, 2014(Ypresian; Washington State, USA)[5]
Genus †Angaropsychops
†Angaropsychops sinicus (?Early Cretaceous; Liaoning, China)
†Angaropsychops turgensis (Hauterivian; Transbaikalia, Russia)
Genus †Apeirophlebia
†Apeirophlebia grandis (Toarcian; Dobbertin, Germany)
Genus †Archepsychops
†Archepsychops triassicus (Carnian; Queensland, Australia)
Genus †Arctopsychops
†Arctopsychops zherikhini (Turonian; NE Siberia, Russia)
Genus †Baisopsychops
†Baisopsychops lambkini (Pre-Barremian: Transbaikalia, Russia)
Genus †Beipiaopsychops
†Beipiaopsychops triangulatus (Aalenian/Bajocian; Liaoning, China)
Genus †Calopsychops
†Calopsychops extinctus (Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian; Karatau, Kazakhstan)
Genus †Cretapsychops
†Cretapsychops decipiens (Aalenian/Bajocian; Daohugou, China)
†Cretapsychops corami (Barremian; Wealden, UK)
Genus †Embaneura
†Embaneura vachrameevi (Cenomanian; Emba, Kazakhstan)
Genus †Epipsychopsis
†Epipsychopsis fusca (Pre-Barremian; Transbaikalia, Russia)
†Epipsychopsis variegata (Pre-Barremian; Transbaikalia, Russia)
Genus †Grammapsychops
†Grammapsychops lebedevi (Cenomanian; Siberia, Russia)
Genus †Kagapsychops
†Kagapsychops aranea (Valanginian/Barremian; Kuwajima, Japan)
†Kagapsychops continentalis (Turonian; Kzyl-Zhar, Kazakhstan)
Genus †Litopsychopsis
†Litopsychopsis burmitica (Albian; Burmese Amber)

Genus †Micropsychops
†Micropsychops parallelus (Barremian; Wealden, UK)
Genus †Miopsychopsis
†Miopsychopsis relicta (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene; Sikhote-Alin, Russia)
†Miopsychopsis sikhotensis (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene; Sikhote-Alin, Russia)
Genus †Propsychops
†Propsychops karatavicus(Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian; Karatau, Kazakhstan)
Genus †Propsychopsis
†Propsychopsis helmi (Lutetian/Bartonian; Baltic Amber)
†Propsychopsis hageni (Lutetian/Bartonian; Baltic Amber)
†Propsychopsis lapicidae (Lutetian/Bartonian; Baltic Amber)
Genus †Psychopsites
†Psychopsites rolandi (Hauterivian; Wealden, UK)
Genus †Pulchroptilonia
†Pulchroptilonia espatifata (Aptian; Araripe Basin, Brazil)
Genus †Putzneura
†Putzneura parcimoniosa (Aptian; Araripe Basin, Brazil)
Genus †Sinopsychops
†Sinopsychops chengdeensis (Aalenian/Bajocian; Hebei, China)
Genus †Triassopsychops
†Triassopsychops superbus (Carnian; Queensland, Australia)
Genus †Undulopsychopsis Peng, Makarkin, Wang, & Ren, 2011
†Undulopsychopsis alexi (Barremian; Liaoning, China)
Genus †Valdipsychops
†Valdipsychops minimus (Hauterivian; Wealden, UK)
†Valdipsychops brigidae (Barremian; Wealden, UK)
†Valdipsychops logunovi (Barremian; Wealden, UK)
†Valdipsychops proudlovei (Barremian; Wealden, UK)
†Valdipsychops maculosus (Barremian; Wealden, UK)

References

Peng, Y.; Makarkin, V.N.; Wang, X.; Ren, D. (2011). "A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera, Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". ZooKeys (130): 217–228. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1576. PMC 3260761. PMID 22259278.
Grimaldi, D. and M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of Insects. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Badano, Davide; Aspöck, Ulrike; Aspöck, Horst; Cerretti, Pierfilippo (August 2016). "Phylogeny of Myrmeleontiformia based on larval morphology (Neuropterida: Neuroptera)". Systematic Entomology. 42: 94–117. doi:10.1111/syen.12200. S2CID 88603692.
"Psychopsidae (Silky lacewings) - Taxonomy". insectoid.info. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.

Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S.B. (2014). "An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America". Zootaxa. 3838 (3): 385–391. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1185. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8. PMID 25081783.

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Engel, Michael S. & Grimaldi, David A. (2007): The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). American Museum Novitates 3587: 1-58. PDF fulltext