Parides

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Troidini
Subtribus: Troidina
Genus: Parides
Species Group ascanius

Species: P. agavus – P. alopius – P. ascanius – P. bunichus – P. gundlachianus – P. montezuma – P. phalaecus – P. photinus – P. proneus
Species Group klagesi

Species: P. klagesi
Species Group chabrias

Species: P. chabrias – P. hahneli – P. pizarro – P. quadratus – P. vercingetorix
Species Group aeneas

Species: P. aeneas – P. aglaope – P. burchellanus – P. donaji – P. echemon – P. erlaces – P. eurimedes – P. lysander – P. neophilus – P. orellana – P. panthonus – P. tonila – P. tros – P. zacynthus
Species Group sesostris

Species: P. childrenae – P. sesostris
Species Group anchises

Species: P. anchises – P. cutorina – P. erithalion – P. erlaces – P. iphidamas – P. panares – P. phosphorus – P. vertumnus
Name

Parides Hübner, 1819

Type species: Princeps echelus Hübner, 1819
Synonyms

Hectorides Hübner, 1821, Index exot. Lep. [1], [2], TS: Papilio agavus Drury
Endopogon Lacordaire, 1833, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 2: 384. TS: Papilio sesostris Cramer
Ascanides Geyer, 1837, in Hübner, Zuträge Samml. exot. Schmett. 5: 32. TS: Papilio triopas Godart
Blakea Grote, 1875, TS: Papilio gundlachianus C. & R. Felder

References

Geyer, C.M., [1832-37] in Hübner, J., 1808 - 1837. Zuträge zur Sammlung Exotischer Schmettelinge. Augsburg. By Geyer after Hübner's death: Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.3, Vol.4, Vol.5. 172 pls. Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
de la Maza Elvira, R.G. & de la Maza Elvira, J. 2020. Descripción de dos nuevos taxones del Género Parides Hübner [1819] en México, confundidos dentro del complejo mimético “P. eurimedes mylotes” sensu Tyler, Brown y Wilson, 1994. (Papilionidae: Troidini). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterología 8(1): 2-15. Academia.edu Reference page.
Möhn, 2006, Butterflies of the World 26 : 3.
Pischedda, M. & Racheli, T. 1987. Taxonomic notes on Parides erlaces (GRAY [1853]) with Description of a new Subspecies from Inambari S.E. Peru* (Lep. Papilionidae). Atalanta 18: 107–112. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Racheli, T. & Racheli, L. 1996a: Notes on Parides erithalion and description of a new subspecies from Peru (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea 96(Centenaire): 59–62. Reference page.

Vernacular names
中文: 番鳳蝶屬

Parides, commonly called cattlehearts, is a genus of swallowtail butterflies in the family Papilionidae. They are found in the Americas (Neotropical realm).
Species

Listed alphabetically within groups according to Möhn et al., with annotations according to Wilts et al. (2014):[1]

species group: ascanius (disputed: basal/plesiomorphic?)

Parides agavus (Drury, 1782)
Parides alopius (Godman & Salvin, [1890]) – white-dotted cattleheart
Parides ascanius (Cramer, [1775]) – Fluminense swallowtail
Parides bunichus (Hübner, [1821])
Parides gundlachianus (C. & R. Felder, 1864) – Cuban cattleheart (anchises group?)
Parides montezuma (Westwood, 1842) – Montezuma's cattleheart (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869)
Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844) – pink-spotted cattleheart (basal in anchises group?)
Parides proneus (Hübner, [1831])

species group: klagesi (incertae sedis)

Parides klagesi (Ehrmann, 1904)

species group: chabrias

Parides chabrias (Hewitson, 1852)
Parides hahneli (Staudinger, 1882) – Hahnel's Amazonian swallowtail
Parides mithras (Grose-Smith, 1902)
Parides pizarro (Staudinger, 1884) – formerly P. steinbachi (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides quadratus (Staudinger, 1890)
Parides vercingetorix (Oberthür, 1888) – formerly P. coelus (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)

species group: aeneas

Parides aeneas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Parides aglaope (Gray, [1853]) (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides echemon (Hübner, [1813])
Parides eurimedes (Stoll, [1782]) – pink-checked cattleheart or mylotes cattleheart
Parides lysander (Cramer, [1775]) – Lysander cattleheart (possibly basalmost living species of group)
Parides neophilus (Geyer, 1837) – neophilus cattleheart
Parides orellana (Hewitson, 1852) (tentatively placed here)
Parides panthonus (Cramer, [1780]) – panthonus cattleheart (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides tros (Fabricius, 1793)
Parides zacynthus (Fabricius, 1793)

species group: sesostris (sister to aeneas and/or anchises group/s?)

Parides childrenae (Gray, 1832) – green-celled cattleheart
Parides sesostris (Cramer, [1779]) – emerald-patched cattleheart

species group: anchises

Parides anchises (Linnaeus, 1758) – Anchises cattleheart
Parides cutorina (Staudinger, 1898) (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides erithalion (Boisduval, 1836) – variable cattleheart
Parides iphidamas (Fabricius, 1793) – Transandean cattleheart
Parides panares (Gray, [1853]) – wedge-spotted cattleheart
Parides phosphorus (H.W. Bates, 1861) (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides vertumnus (Cramer, [1779])

References

Parides, funet.fi

Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL. ISBN 0-945417-28-4
Jeffrey Glassberg (2007). A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America. Sunstreak Books Inc. ISBN 978-1-4243-0915-3
Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf
Edwin Möhn, 2006 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. Parides. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. ISBN 978-3-937783-27-7 (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli)
Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. online (and as pdf) (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967).