Pachysoma

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Infraordo: Scarabaeiformia
Superfamilia: Scarabaeoidea

Familia: Scarabaeidae
Subfamilia: Scarabaeinae
Tribus: Scarabaeini
Genus: Pachysoma
Species (15): P. aesculapius – P. bennigseni – P. denticolle – P. endroedyi – P. fitzsimonsi – P. gariepinum – P. glentoni – P. hessi – P. hippocrates – P. marginatum – P. rodriguesi – P. rotundigenum – P. schinzi – P. striatum – P. valeflorae
Name

Pachysoma Macleay, 1821

Type species: Pachysoma hippocrates MacLeay, 1821, by original designation.

Synonymy

Pachysoma Macleay, 1821
Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) Macleay, 1821; Harrison & Philips, 2003
Artalus Gistl, 1848
Pachysoma Macleay, 1821; Forgie et al., 2006
Irrorhotides Shipp, 1896
Type species: Irrorhotides fryi Shipp, 1896 [=Pachysoma striatum Castelnau, 1840], by monotypy.
Neopachysoma Ferreira, 1953
Type species: Pachysoma denticolle Péringuey, 1888, by original designation.

[list of synonyms after Harrison, Scholtz & Chown (2003: 311)]
References
Additional references

Forgie, S.A.; Kryger, U.; Bloomer, P.; Scholtz, C.H. 2006: Evolutionary relationships among the Scarabaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 40: 662–678. ISSN: 1055-7903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.018
Harrison, J. du G.; Philips, T.K. 2003: Phylogeny of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma MacLeay) stat. nov., and related flightless Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 40: 47–71. full article (PDF) Reference page.
Harrison, J.du G.; Scholtz, C.H.; Chown, S.L. 2003: A revision of the endemic south-western African dung beetle subgenus Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay, including notes on other flightless Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of natural history, 37: 305–355. DOI: 10.1080/713834683
Holm, E.; Scholtz, C.H. 1979: A revision of the genus Pachysoma M'Leay with an evaluation of the subtribe Pachysomina Ferreira and its genera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 42 (2): 225–244.
Scholtz, C.H.; Harrison, J. du G.; Grebennikov, V.V. : Dung beetle (Scarabaeus (Pachysoma)) biology and immature stages: reversal to ancestral states under desert conditions (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)? Biological journal of the Linnean Society, 83 (4): 453–460. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00389.x
Sole, C.L.; Scholtz, C.H.; Bastos, A.D.S. 2005: Phylogeography of the Namib Desert dung beetles Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of biogeography, 32: 75–84. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01124.x

Links

Schoolmeesters, P. 2017. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database (version Jul 2016). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J., Penev L., eds. 2017. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th January 2017. Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. Reference page. [accessed on April 4, 2017]