Nymphidium

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Riodinidae
Subfamilia: Riodininae
Tribus: Nymphidiini
Subtribus: Nymphidiina
Genus: Nymphidium
Species: N. acherois – N. ariari – N. aurum – N. azanoides – N. baeotia – N. balbinus – N. cachrus – N. callaghani – N. caricae – N. carmentis – N. chimborazium – N. colleti – N. fulminans – N. guyanensis – N. haematostictum – N. hermieri – N. jacarequara – N. latibrunis – N. lenocinium – N. leucosia – N. lisimon – N. manicorensis – N. mantus – N. medusa – N. menalcus – N. minuta – N. nealces – N. ninias – N. olinda – N. omois – N. onaeum – N. plinthobaphis – N. pseudominuta – N. robiginosum – N. scurrilis – N. smalli – N. velatum – N. vicocea
Name

Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807

Type species: Papilio caricae Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Limnas Hübner, [1806] (suppr.)
Type species: Limnas leucosia Hübner [1806]
Peplia Hübner, [1819]
Type species: Papilio caricae Linnaeus 1758
Eulepis Billberg, 1820; (repl. name)
Heliochlaena Hübner, 1821
Desmozona Boisduval, 1836
Tyanitis Doubleday, 1847 (nom. nud.)
Tyanitis Westwood, 1851 (unavail.)
Nymphopsis Reuter, 1896 (preocc. Haswell, 1865)

References

Callaghan, C.J., 1999: New taxa of Neotropical Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16 (4): 1045–1064. Full article: [1].
Callaghan, C.J., 2001: New riodinids from the Central Brazilian plateau (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18 (3): 765–778. Full article: [2].
Corêcha Jauffret, J., 2011: Le genre Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807 Description de deux nouvelle espèces (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini). Lambillionea 111 (3) Tomé 2: 314–319.
Gallard, Jean-Yves, 2008, Rodinidae de Guyana Française Trois especes et trois sous-especes nouvelles (Lepidoptera), Lambillionea CVIII, 4 décembre: 441–454.
Hall, J.P.W. 2018. A Monograph of the Nymphidiina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini) Phylogeny, Taoxonomy, Biology and Biogeography. ISBN 978-0-692-98754-4. The Entomological Society of Washington. 1-990. Reference page.
Lamas, G., 2004: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea

Nymphidium is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.

Some Nymphidium are obviously secondarily transformed by mimicry, otherwise the almost exclusive colours are brown and white either of which being now and then preponderant. The wings have a normal shape without indentations, tail appendages, lobing or coiling. The larva is shaped like a woodlouse, hunched, green, sometimes with a yellow lateral streak, the neck organ out of a transverse row of green spikes or bristles. It has a guard of ants. The pupa is green, fastened by a belt-like thread. The butterflies rest on the under surface of leaves and are chased up by beating the bushes, whereupon they fly like Geometridae for some paces, in order to hide themselves again. The swarming-time seems to be dawn, or the early morning, but the author came across them yet in the sunshine of the morning on blossoms. They are easily taken and fly low.[1]
Species

Nymphidium acherois (Boisduval, 1836) present in French Guiana, Brazil
Nymphidium ariari Callaghan, 1988 present in Colombia
Nymphidium ascolia Hewitson, [1853] present in Guatemala, Bolivia, Brazil
Nymphidium aurum Callaghan, 1985 present in Brazil
Nymphidium azanoides Butler, 1867 present in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brazil
Nymphidium baeotia Hewitson, [1853] present in French Guiana, Guyana, Brazil
Nymphidium balbinus Staudinger, [1887] present in Colombia
Nymphidium cachrus (Fabricius, 1787) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia
Nymphidium callaghani Brévignon, 1999 present in French Guiana
Nymphidium caricae (Linnaeus, 1758) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil
Nymphidium carmentis Stichel, 1910 present in Ecuador, Bolivia
Nymphidium chimborazium Bates, 1868 present in Ecuador
Nymphidium chione Bates, 1867 present in Brazil
Nymphidium colleti Gallard, 2008
Nymphidium derufata Callaghan, 1985 present in Suriname
Nymphidium fulminans Bates, 1868 present in Colombia, Brazil
Nymphidium guyanensis Gallard & Brévignon, 1989 present in French Guiana
Nymphidium haematostictum Godman & Salvin, 1878 present in Costa Rica, Panama
Nymphidium hermieri Gallard, 2008
Nymphidium hesperinum Stichel, 1911 present in Peru
Nymphidium latibrunis Callaghan, 1985 present in Ecuador
Nymphidium lenocinium Schaus, 1913 present in Costa Rica, Colombia
Nymphidium leucosia (Hübner, [1806]) present in Colombia, Peru, Brazil
Nymphidium lisimon (Stoll, 1790) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Peru, Brazil
Nymphidium manicorensis Callaghan, 1985 present in French Guiana, Brazil
Nymphidium mantus (Cramer, 1775) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil
Nymphidium menalcus (Stoll, 1782) present in French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela
Nymphidium ninias Hewitson, 1865 present in Brazil
Nymphidium nivea Talbot, 1928 present in Brazil
Nymphidium olinda Bates, 1865 present in Panama, Venezuela, Brazil
Nymphidium omois Hewitson, 1865 present in Amazon basin
Nymphidium onaeum Hewitson, 1869 present in Honduras, Panama
Nymphidium plinthobaphis Stichel, 1910 present in Brazil, Peru
Nymphidium smalli Callaghan, 1999 present in Panama
Nymphidium strati Kaye, 1925 present in Trinidad and Tobago
Nymphidium trinidadi Callaghan, 1999 present in Trinidad and Tobago
Nymphidium undimargo Seitz, 1917 present in Brazil

Sources

Nymphidium on Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera

Seitz, A. 1916. Family:Erycinidae. In A. Seitz (editor), Macrolepidoptera of the world,vol. 5:617–738. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen.[1] also available as pdf