Notodontidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Cladus: Macroheterocera
Superfamilia: Noctuoidea

Familia: Notodontidae
Subfamiliae: Ceirinae – Cerurinae – Dicranurinae – Dioptinae – Disphragiinae – Dudusinae – Hemiceratinae – Heterocampinae – Notodontinae – Nystaleinae – Phalerinae – Platychasmatinae – Ptilodontinae – Pygaerinae – Rifarginae – Roseminae – Scranciinae – Thaumetopoeinae

[list of subfamilies after Lafontaine & Fibiger, 2006)]
(after Schintlmeister, 2013). under construction PeterR (talk) 12:10, 29 January 2014 (UTC)

Check

Biretinae
Overview of genera not assigned to a subfamily

Achaera – Apela – Aprosdocetos – Arpema – Bahaia – Chloroceramis – Colax – Crambometra – Damata – Desmeocraera – Dugonia – Dukinfieldia – Dyasia – Epicerurella – Eunotela – Graphodonta – Hapigia – Haxairella – Hippia – Kindleya – Lemairegisa – Lochmaeus – Macrosenta – Malupa – Naduna – Nagidusa – Naprepa – Navarcostes – Oreodonta – Pachycispia – Pachyscranciola – Pantanopsis – Parasinga – Pentobesa – Pseudohoplitis – Pycnographa – Riebeeckia – Schoutenia
Name

Notodontidae Stephens, 1829.

Type genus : Notodonta Ochsenheimer, 1810.
References

Stephens, J.F. 1829. A systematic catalogue of British insects: being an attempt to arrange all the hitherto discovered indigenous insects in accordance with their natural affinities, containing also the references to every English writer on entomology, and to the principal foreign authors, with all the published British genera to the present time: 1–416. BHL Reference page.
Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A.K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. 2018. Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa 4505(1): 1–84. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4505.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
de Freina, J.J. 1981. 2. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Kleinasiens. Atalanta 12(1): 18–63. full article (PDF). Reference page.
Kiriakoff, S.G., 1963: Die Notodontiden der ausbeuten H. Hönes aus Ostasien (Lepidoptera: Notodontoidea). 2 Teil. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 14 (3/4): 248–293.
Kiriakoff, S.G., 1973: Notodontoidea (Lepidoptera) aus der Staatssammlung München. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 63: 67–92.
Kiriakoff, S.G., 1974: Neue und wenig bekannte asiatische Notodontidae (Lep.). Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München, 017: 371- 421. Full article: [1].
Kobayashi, H., 2012: New Notodontidae species in Southeast Asia (2) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Tinea 22 (1): 6–11.
Lafontaine, J.D. & Fibiger, M. 2006. Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Canadian entomologist 138(5): 610–635. DOI: 10.4039/n06-012 Reference page.
Lafontaine, J.D. & Schmidt, B.C. 2010. Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. Zookeys 40: 1–239. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.40.414 Reference page.
Kobayashi, Hideki , Yasunori Kishida & Min Wang, 2008, Seven new species of Notodontidae from Guangdong and Guangxi, China and some nomenclatural changes (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Tinea 20 (2): 117–132.
Kobayashi Hideki; Nonaka Masaru 2016. Molecular phylogeny of the Notodontidae. TINEA (Japan Heterocerist's Society), 23(Supplement 1).
Miller, J.S. 1991: Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, (204)
Moser, A. & P. Thiaucourt, 2008: Notes on the species-group of Phastia ernea (Schaus, 1939) (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 24 (2): 157–160.
Nakamura, M., 1974: Notodontidae of Eastern Nepal based on the collection of the lepidopterological research expedition to Nepal Himalaya by the lepidopterological society of Japan in 1963. (Lepidoptera). Tyô to Ga 25 (4): 115–129. Abstract and full article: [2].
Pitkin, B. & P. Jenkins. Butterflies and Moths of the World: Generic Names and their Type-species. Natural History Museum.[3]
Regier, J.C., Mitter, C., Mitter, K., Cummings, M.P., Bazinet, A.L., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Zwick, A. 2017. Further progress on the phylogeny of Noctuoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) using an expanded gene sample. Systematic entomology 42(1): 82–93. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12199 Reference page.
Schintlmeister, A & F.C. Lai, 2001, New and less known Notodontidae from mainland China Neue Entomologische Nachrichten band 50: 1–141.
Schintlmeister, A & C.L. Fang, 2001, New and less known Notodontidae from mainland China Neue Entomologische Nachrichten band 50: 1–141.
Schintlmeister, A., 2002: Further new Notodontidae from mainland China (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Atalanta 33 (1-2): 187–202.
Schintlmeister, A. 2008: Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1: Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. ISBN 978-87-88757-77-4
Schintlmeister, A. 2013. World Catalogue of Insects: Notodontidae & Oenosandridae (Lepidoptera). Volume 11: 1–608. Reference page.
Schintlmeister, A. & Lourens, J.H. 2010. The Philippine Notodontidae (Lepidoptera). Quadrifina 8: 1–349. full article (zobodat). Reference page.
Thiaucourt, P., 1997: Naprepa annae n. sp. Lambillionea XCVII (4): 594–596.
Thiaucourt, P., 2001: Additional notes on the genus Sericochroa Felder (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 17 (4): 375–383.
Thiaucourt, P., 2001: Two news Sericochroa Felder (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 18 (1): 49–51.
Thiaucourt, P., 2003: New note on the genus Sericochroa Felder (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 20 (2:
Thiaucourt, P. 2004: Notes sur les genres Colax Hübner. et Procolax Schaus. (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Lambillionea 104(3): 353-363. full article (pdf).Reference page.
Thiaucourt, P., 2008: Notes sur les genres Pentobesa Schaus, 1901 et Bahaia Dyar, 1924 (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie T.24 (4): 291–319.
Thiaucourt, P. 2009. Nouvelle note sur le genre Naprepa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de Mulhouse 65(2): 29–35. Reference page.
Thiaucourt, P., 2010: Disphragiinae noveuax (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de Mulhouse 66 (4): 55–66.
Wang, Min , Hideki Kobayashi & Yasunori Kishida, 2004: A new species of Torigea (Notodontidae: Lepidoptera) from Guangdong, China. Tinea 18 (2): 97–99.
Zahiri, R., Kitching, I.J., Lafontaine, J.D., Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., Holloway, J.D. & Wahlberg, N. 2011. A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Zoologica Scripta 40(2): 158–173. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00459.x Full article (PDF). Reference page.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Чубаткі
Nederlands: Tandvlinders
中文: 舟蛾科

Notodontidae is a family of moths with approximately 3,800 known species.[1] The family was described by James Francis Stephens in 1829. Moths of this family are found in all parts of the world, but they are most concentrated in tropical areas, especially in the New World (Miller, 1992).

Species of this family tend to be heavy-bodied and long-winged, the wings held folded across the back of the body at rest. They rarely display any bright colours, usually being mainly grey or brown, with the exception of the subfamily Dioptinae (Grimaldi and Engel, 2005). These features mean they rather resemble Noctuidae although the families are not closely related. The adults do not feed. Many species have a tuft of hair on the trailing edge of the forewing which protrudes upwards at rest. This gives them their scientific name "back tooth"[2] and the common name of prominents. The common names of some other species reflect their hairiness, such as puss moth and the group commonly known as kittens (Furcula spp.), so named as they resemble small versions of the puss moth.

Life cycle
Egg

The egg is hemispherical or almost spherical, and lacks any ribs (Scoble, 1995).
Larvae

The caterpillars are usually hairless, but may have tubercules, spines, or humps (Scoble 1995), and often rest with both ends raised. The last set of prolegs is frequently vestigial, or may be long, with glands that can be everted. Some larvae undergo shape modification and colour changes with each instar (Weller, 1992). Notodontid larvae are notable for their often bizarre shapes, and some have chemical defences (cyanic acid, formic acid, and other ketones: Blum, 1981) not commonly found in other Lepidoptera (Weller 1992). Schizura unicornis and S. badia have a mixture of formic acid, acetic acid and other compounds which they spray accurately at their attacker (Attygalle et al., 1993).
Stauropus fagi larva

The larvae of some species are truly extraordinary: That of the puss moth has a fearsome-looking "face" and two long whip-like "tails" (actually highly modified prolegs) and it rears both ends in a threatening display when disturbed. The larva of the lobster moth is even more remarkable, resembling a crustacean. Others, such as Cerura vinula mimic the edge of a leaf that has been damaged and is turning brown (they rest and feed along the edge of the leaf).

Most are solitary feeders, but some are gregarious, and this is most common in the processionary moths, Thaumetopoeinae.

They feed on trees and shrubs, except in the subfamily Dioptinae, which feed on herbaceous plants (Miller, 1992). The larvae typically feed on only one family of trees, but closely related species will feed on distantly related plants; for example different members of the genus Datana feed on Juglandaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Ericaceae and Anacardiaceae (Miller 1992).
Adults

Adults have tympanal organs on the metathorax that opens towards the top, and the tibial spurs have serrated edges (Scoble, 1995). Mouthparts vary from well-developed to absent. The Dioptinae, which was formerly considered a separate family, are colourful and fly by day, while the rest of the notodontids are nocturnal. Some of these Dioptinae have non-functional tympanal hearing organs which are normally defensive against bats (Fullard et al., 1997).
Importance

Some notodontids cause noticeable defoliation of their hosts. Well-known defoliators include: the saddled prominent (Heterocampa guttivita), poplar defoliator (Clostera cupreata), California oakworm (Phryganidia californica), the beech caterpillar, (Quadricalcarifera punctatella), variable oakleaf caterpillar (Lochmaeus manteo), Epicerura pergisea, yellownecked caterpillars (Datana ministra), and walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima), among others.
Systematics

Formerly, the genus Oenosandra was placed in this family and the subfamily Thaumetopoeinae was treated at independent family rank, however they were now been reclassified.[3]

Notable species are:

Buff-tip (Phalera bucephala)
Puss moth (Cerura vinula)
Lobster moth (Stauropus fagi)
Poplar kitten (Furcula bifida)
Coxcomb prominent (Ptilodon capucina)
Rough prominent (Nadata gibbosa)

Some subfamily genera:

Dudusinae
Crinodes
Dudusa
Hemiceratinae
Hemiceras
Dicranurinae
Parasinga
Heterocampinae
Rifargia

Apart from the subfamilies listed in the two places above, there are numerous notodontid genera of uncertain relationships. These are:

Afilia
Alatanadata
Anaphe
Antheua
Antimima
Antithemerastis
Astapa
Astylis
Azaxia
Cargida
Cascera
Commonia
Datana - Phalerinae?
Destolmia
Dicentria
Didugua
Dognina
Drugera
Ecnomodes
Elymiotis
Euhyparpax
Farigia
Gallaba
Gargettiana
Gazalina
Hippia
Hobartina
Hylaeora
Hyparpax
Lasioceros
Lirimiris
Litodonta
Lochmaeus
Luca
Macrurocampa
Malocampa
Medanella
Meragisa
Misogada
Nadata - Notodontinae?
Neola
Neopheosia
Notela
Notodontella
Oligocentria
Omichlis
Ortholomia
Paracerura
Paradestolmia
Pentobesa
Pheraspis
Pheressaces
Poeta
Polychoa
Praeschausia
Psalidostetha
Pseudhapigia
Pseudoteleclita
Resomera
Resto
Rodneya
Rosema
Sagamora
Schizura
Scrancia
Scythrophanes
Skewesia
Somera
Sorama
Sphetta
Stauropus
Symmerista
Teleclita
Theroa
Tifama
Timoraca
Urgedra
Ursia