Nomadinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Apoidea

Familia: Apidae
Subfamilia: Nomadinae
Tribus: Ammobatini – Ammobatoidini – Biastini – Brachynomadini – Caenoprosopidini – Epeolini – Hexepeolini – Holcopasitini – Neolarrini – Nomadini – Townsendiellini

Name

Nomadinae
References

Nomadinae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Alexander, B.A. 1990. A cladistic analysis of the nomadine bees. Systematic Entomology 15: 121-152.
Linsley, E.G. 1939. Some new genera and species of epeoline and nomadine bees. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 15: 1-11.
Linsley, E.G. & C.D. Michener. 1939. A generic revision of the North American Nomadidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 65: 265-305, pls. xv- xviii.

Vernacular names
English: Cuckoo bees
日本語: キマダラハナバチ亜科

Nomadinae is a subfamily of bees in the family Apidae. They are known commonly as cuckoo bees.[1]

This subfamily is entirely kleptoparasitic.[2] They occur worldwide, and use many different types of bees as hosts. As parasites, they lack a pollen-carrying scopa, and are often extraordinarily wasp-like in appearance. All known species share the behavioral trait of females entering host nests when the host is absent, and inserting their eggs into the wall of the host cell; the larval parasite emerges later, after the cell has been closed by the host female, and kills the host larva. The first-instar larvae of nomadines are specially adapted for this, and possess long mandibles they use to kill the host larva, though these mandibles are lost as soon as the larva molts to the second instar, at which point it simply feeds on the pollen/nectar provisions. A behavioral habit shared by adults of various genera with males of many other bee species, who also do not possess a nest to return to, is that they frequently rest while grasping onto plant stems or leaves with only their mandibles.
Ammobates muticus
Sphecodopsis sp. in South Africa
Epeolus lectoides
Systematics

Tribes and genera include:[3]

Tribe Hexepeolini
Hexepeolus
Tribe Brachynomadini
Brachynomada
Kelita
Paranomada
Trichonomada
Triopasites
Tribe Nomadini
Nomada
Tribe Epeolini
Doeringiella
Epeolus
Odyneropsis
Pseudepeolus
Rhinepeolus
Rhogepeolus
Thalestria
Triepeolus
Tribe Ammobatoidini
Aethammobates
Ammobatoides
Holcopasites
Schmiedeknechtia
Tribe Biastini
Biastes
Neopasites
Rhopalolemma
Tribe Townsendiellini
Townsendiella
Tribe Neolarrini
Neolarra
Tribe Ammobatini
Ammobates
Chiasmognathus
Melanempis
Oreopasites
Parammobatodes
Pasites
Sphecodopsis
Spinopasites
Tribe Caenoprosopidini
Caenoprosopina
Caenoprosopis

Notes
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nomadinae.

Nomadinae. UniProt.
Roig-Alsina, A. (1991). Cladistic analysis of the Nomadinae s. str. with description of a new genus (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 64(1) 23-37.

Nomadinae. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

References

Michener, C. D. (2000). The Bees of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press.