Neuroterus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Cynipoidea

Familia: Cynipidae
Subfamilia: Cynipinae
Tribus: Cynipini
Genus: Neuroterus
Species (6): N. abdominalis – N. albipes – N. numismalis – N. quercusbaccarum – N. sculpturatus – N. valhalla
Name

Neuroterus Hartig, 1840

Neuroterus quercusbaccarum. Britain.

References
Primary references

Hartig, T. 1840. Über die Familie der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift für die Entomologie 2: 176–209. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Jennings, M.T. 2013. Neuroterus aprilinus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) and an associated parasitoid Aprostocetus aethiops (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) reared from Kent, U.K. Entomologist's monthly magazine 149(1784–86): 68. [not seen] Reference page.

Links

Neuroterus – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
Neuroterus – Taxon details on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).

Neuroterus is a genus of gall wasps that induce galls on oaks in which the wasp larvae live and feed. Some species produce galls that fall off the host plant and 'jump' along the ground due to the movement of the larvae within.

Neuroterus saltatorius—formerly named Cynips saltatorius—produces such Mexican jumping bean-like jumping galls about 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter.[1][2]

This genus was first described by Theodor Hartig in 1840. Like most oak gall wasps, Neuroterus species have two generations each year, one sexual and one asexual (or agamic). The galls induced by each generation of the same species are usually produced on different parts of the host plant.

Recent studies indicate this genus is poly- or paraphyletic, thus many species will likely be moved to other genera.[3]

Species include:[4][5]

Neuroterus albipes
Neuroterus alexandrae
Neuroterus aliceae
Neuroterus anthracinus
Neuroterus aprilinus
Neuroterus bussae
Neuroterus cerrifloralis
Neuroterus fragilis (succulent gall wasp)[6]
Neuroterus lanuginosus
Neuroterus numismalis
Neuroterus oblongifoliae
Neuroterus quaili
Neuroterus quercusbaccarum
Neuroterus rosieae
Neuroterus saltatorius (jumping gall wasp)[6]
Neuroterus serratae
Neuroterus stonei
Neuroterus tricolor
Neuroterus umbilicatus
Neuroterus valhalla

References

W.P. Armstrong. "California's Amazing Jumping Galls" Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine. 1997.
Missouri Botanical Garden. "Jumping oak galls".
Ward, Anna K. G.; Bagley, Robin K.; Egan, Scott P.; Hood, Glen Ray; Ott, James R.; Prior, Kirsten M.; Sheikh, Sofia I.; Weinersmith, Kelly L.; Zhang, Linyi; Zhang, Y. Miles; Forbes, Andrew A. (August 2022). "Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both". Evolution. 76 (8): 1849–1867. doi:10.1111/evo.14562. ISSN 0014-3820. PMC 9541853. PMID 35819249.
George Melika; James A. Nicholls; Warren Abrahamson; Eileen A. Buss; Graham N. Stone (23 December 2021). "New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)". Zootaxa. 5084 (1): 1–131. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5084.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Wikidata Q110307168.
Pedro Ferreira Pinto Brandão-Dias; Y. Miles Zhang; Stacy Pirro; Camila C. Vinson; Kelly L. Weinersmith; Anna K. G. Ward; Andrew A. Forbes; Scott P. Egan (10 January 2022). "Describing biodiversity in the genomics era: A new species of Nearctic Cynipidae gall wasp and its genome". Systematic Entomology. 47: 94–112. doi:10.1111/SYEN.12521. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q110526665.
Russo, Ronald A. (2021). Plant galls of the Western United States. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-691-21340-8. OCLC 1239984577.