Melanis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Riodinidae
Subfamilia: Riodininae
Tribus: Riodinini
Genus: Melanis
Species: M. acroleuca – M. aegates – M. alena – M. boyi – M. caatingensis – M. cephise – M. cercopes – M. cinaron – M. cratia – M. dulcis – M. electron – M. herminae – M. hillapana – M. hodia – M. leucophlegma – M. lioba – M. lycea – M. marathon – M. melandra – M. melaniae – M. opites – M. passiena – M. pixe – M. seleukia – M. smithiae – M. unxia – M. vidali – M. volusia – M. xenia – M. yeda
Name

Melanis Hübner, 1819: 25.

Type species: Melanis melandra Hübner, 1819: 25, replacement name for Papilio melander Stoll, 1780: 89, pl.336,B by selection of Scudder, 1875: 214.
Synonymy

Limnas Boisduval, 1836: Pl.20 (4C), Fig.1, TS: Limnas pixe Boisduval, 1836 ibid.; preocc. Limnas Hübner, 1806.
Lymnas Blanchard, 1840: 464.
Oreas C. & R. Felder, 1865: 305, TS: Oreas marathon C. & R. Felder, 1865 ibid.: pl.38 figs 23,24; preocc. Hübner, 1807.
Dryas C. & R. Felder, 1865: 305, TS: Dryas cinaron C. & R. Felder, 1865 ibid.: pl.38 figs 13,14; preocc. Hübner, 1807.
Rusalkia Kirby, 1871: 306; replacement name for Oreas.
Aculhua Kirby, 1871: 301; replacement name for Dryas.

References

Blanchard, C.É. 1840. Histoire naturelle des insectes : Orthoptères, Névroptères, Hémiptères, Hyménoptères, Lépidoptères et Diptères, 672 pp. P. Duménil (Paris). BHL Reference page.
Boisduval, J. B., 1836. In Roret, Suite à Buffon, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidoptères 1: xii+690pp., 24 pls. Paris. BHL text, plates. Reference page.
Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1865–75. Rhopalocera. In Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in der Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 under den Befehlen Commadore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band: Abtheilung. Vienna, 549 pp., 140 pls. Text. Plates. Reference page.
Hübner, J. 1819. Verzeichniß bekannter Schmettlinge 2–11: 17–176. BHL Reference page.
Kirby, W.F. 1871. A synonymic catalogue of the diurnal lepidoptera. Van Voorst, London, 8vo, 690pp. BHL. ibid. 1877 Supplement. BHL Reference page.
Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. Proc. amer. Soc. Arts Sci. Boston 10: 91–293. BHL Reference page.
Stoll, C. 1780–1790. In Cramer, P. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in der drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Afrika en America (etc). Amsterdam, Baalde & Utrecht. Part 4 + Suppl. Pt.4 [1780]: 29–90, pls 305–336; [1781]: 91–164, pls 337–372; [1782]: 165–252, pls 373–400; Suppl [1787]: 1–42, pls 1–8; [1790]: 43–184, pls 9–42. Reference page.

Melanis is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present in the Neotropical realm.
Species

Melanis aegates (Hewitson, 1874)
M. a. aegates present in Bolivia
M. a. albugo (Stichel, 1910) present in Paraguay
M. a. araguaya (Seitz, 1913) present in Brazil
M. a. cretiplaga (Stichel, 1910) present in Paraguay and Argentina
M. a. lilybaeus (Stichel, 1926) present in Brazil
M. a. limbata (Stichel, 1925) present in Brazil
M. a. melliplaga (Stichel, 1910) present in French Guiana and Suriname
Melanis alena (Hewitson, 1870) present in Brazil
Melanis boyi (Stichel, 1923) present in Brazil
Melanis cephise (Ménétriés, 1855)
M. c. cephise present in Nicaragua and Mexico
M. c. acroleuca (R. Felder, 1869) present in Mexico
M. c. huasteca J. & A. White, 1989 present in Mexico
Melanis cercopes (Hewitson, 1874) present in Bolivia
Melanis cinaron (C. & R. Felder, 1861) present in Colombia, Brazil and Peru
Melanis cratia (Hewitson, 1870)
Melanis electron (Fabricius, 1793)
M. e. electron present in French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela
M. e. auriferax (Stichel, 1910) present in Brazil
M. e. epijarbas (Staudinger, 1888) present in Brazil
M. e. herellus (Snellen, 1887) present in Curaçao
M. e. melantho (Ménétriés, 1855) present in Panama, Guatemala and Nicaragua
M. e. pronostriga (Stichel, 1910) present in Colombia and Brazil
M. e. rabuscula (Stichel, 1910) present in Brazil and Peru
Melanis herminae (Zikán, 1952) present in Brazil
Melanis hillapana (Röber, 1904)
M. h. hillapana present in Bolivia and Peru
M. h. corinna (Zikán, 1952) present in Brazil
M. h. cratippa (Seitz, 1913) present in Brazil
M. h. impura (Stichel, 1910)
Melanis hodia (Butler, 1870) present in Venezuela
Melanis leucophlegma (Stichel, 1910) present in Peru
Melanis lioba (Zikán, 1952) present in Brazil
Melanis lycea Hübner, 1823 present in Brazil
Melanis marathon (C. & R. Felder, [1865])
M. m. marathon present in Venezuela and Colombia
M. m. assimulata (Stichel, 1910) present in Colombia
M. m. charon (Butler, 1874) present in Brazil
M. m. stenotaenia Röber, 1904 present in Peru
Melanis melandra Hübner, [1819] present in Suriname
Melanis melaniae (Stichel, 1930) present in Brazil
Melanis opites (Hewitson, 1875) present in Brazil
Melanis passiena (Hewitson, 1870) present in Colombia
Melanis pixe (Boisduval, [1836])
M. p. pixe present in the US at Texas and Mexico
M. p. corvina (Stichel, 1910) present in Colombia
M. p. sanguinea (Stichel, 1910) present in Panama and Costa Rica
Melanis seleukia (Stichel, 1910) present in Brazil
Melanis smithiae (Westwood, 1851)
M. s. smithiae present in Bolivia and Brazil
M. s. xarifa (Hewitson, [1853]) present in Colombia and Venezuela
Melanis unxia (Hewitson, [1853]) present in Brazil
Melanis vidali (Dognin, 1891) present in Ecuador
Melanis volusia (Hewitson, [1853]) present in Brazil
Melanis xenia (Hewitson, [1853])
M. x. xenia present in Brazil
M. x. ambryllis (Hewitson, 1874) present in Paraguay and Bolivia
Melanis yeda (Zikán, 1952) present in Brazil

Sources

Melanis sur funet