Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Superfamilia: Papilionoidea
Familia: Nymphalidae
Subfamilia Limenitidinae
Tribus: Limenitidini
Genus: Limenitis
Species: L. albomaculata – L. amphyssa – L. archippus – L. arthemis – L. camilla – L. ciocolatina – L. cleophas – L. doerriesi – L. dubernardi – L. glorifica – L. helmanni – L. homeyeri – L. lepechini – L. lorquini – L. moltrechti – L. populi – L. reducta – L. rileyi – L. staudingeri – L. sydyi – L. tamaii – L. trivena – L. weidemeyerii
Name
Limenitis Fabricius, 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 6: 281.
Type species: Papilio populi Linnaeus, 1758 Systema Naturae (Edn 10) 1: 476. by subsequent designation by, Dalman, 1816 K. svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1816 (1): 55.
Synonyms
Limfnitis Eversmann, 1844: 18.
Limonetes Billberg, 1820: 78.
Limonitis Dalman, 1816: 55, 56, tab. 1, 2.
Linimenitis Doubleday, 1848: 26.
Linimentis Doubleday, 1848: 26.
Nympha Krause, 1839: 86.
References
Hall, A., 1930: New forms of Nymphalidae (Rhopalocera) in the collection of the British Museum. The Entomologist 63: 156–160.
Hecq, J. 1990: Une sous-espece de Limenitis camilla L.. Lambillionea 90(1): 17–18. Reference page.
Koiwaya, S., 2007: A new species of Limenitis Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Sichuan, China. Butterflies (Teinopalpus) 45: 4–7.
Monastyrskii, A.L. & A.L. Davyatkin, 2000: New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Atalanta 31(3/4): 471–492.
Sugiyama, H., 1994: New butterflies from Western China. Pallarge 3: 1–12.
Yoshino, K., 2001: New butterflies from China 6. Futao 38: 9–17.
Yoshino, K., 2003: New butterflies from China 8. Futao 43: 6–20.
Yoshino, K., 2016: A Revision of Limenitis helmanni and its related species from Central and South China Butterflies 73:8-18.
Limenitis is a genus of brush-footed butterflies, commonly called the admirals. The sister butterflies (Adelpha) and commander butterflies (Moduza) are sometimes included here.
The name Limenitis is New Latin "of harbours", from Ancient Greek Λιμενιτις (from λιμήν, a harbour, haven).[1]
Species
Listed alphabetically within groups:[2]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Limenitis archippus (Cramer, [1776]) | viceroy | the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains, southwards into central Mexico |
 |
Limenitis arthemis (Drury, [1773]) | (American) white admiral or red-spotted purple | North american ranging from New England and southern Great Lakes area all the way to various parts of Canada |
 |
Limenitis lorquini Boisduval, 1852 | Lorquin's admiral | across the Upper Sonoran to the Canadian Zone, east to western Montana and Idaho. |
 |
Limenitis weidemeyerii Edwards, 1861 | Weidemeyer's admiral | western Canada, the northern Great Plains (an outlying population), and the Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains westward to the Sierra Nevada and California. |
Species group helmanni (eastern Asia):
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Limenitis helmanni Lederer, 1853 | Eastern Kazakhstan, West Siberia, Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri, China, Korea | ||
| Limenitis doerriesi Staudinger, 1892 | Amur (Khabarovsk), Ussuri, Northeast China, Korea | ||
| Limenitis homeyeri Tancré, 1881 | East Palearctic |
Unnamed species group (South-East Asia):
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Limenitis rileyi Tytler, 1940 | Tiger-mimic Admiral | Arunachal Pradesh, India | |
| Limenitis staudingeri Ribbe, 1898 | Seram,Indonesia |
Ungrouped species (Asia and Europe):
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 China, Japan, and Corea (PL. XVI) BHL45490862.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg/180px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg/240px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="3656" height="157" width="120" /> |
Limenitis albomaculata Leech, 1891 | China, N.Sichuan | |
| Limenitis amphyssa Ménétriés, 1859 | Amur, Ussuri, Korea, Central China | ||
 |
Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) | (Eurasian) white admiral | southern Britain and much of Europe; Eastern Asia, from Amur River extending as far east as Japan. |
| China, Japan, and Corea (PL. XVI) BHL45490862.jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg/180px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg/240px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%28PL._XVI%29_BHL45490862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="3656" height="157" width="120" /> |
Limenitis ciocolatina Poujade, 1885 | Sichuan, China | |
| Limenitis cleophas Oberthür, 1893 | China | ||
| Limenitis dubernardi Oberthür, 1903 | Tibet, China | ||
 |
Limenitis glorifica Fruhstorfer, 1909 | Honshu white admiral | island of Honshu, in Japan |
| Limenitis lepechini Erschoff, 1874 | Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan | ||
| Limenitis moltrechti Kardakov, 1928 | Amur, Ussuri, Korea, Kyuojo, Kanhoku | ||
 |
Limenitis populi (Linnaeu], 1758) | poplar admiral | widespread in continental Europe and many areas in Asia |
 |
Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901 | southern white admiral | central and southern Europe (northern Spain, southern and eastern France, Italy, the Balkans, and the Alps),[16] in Western Asia, in Syria, the Caucasus and Iran. |
 China, Japan, and Corea (19142198000).jpg" decoding="async" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%2819142198000%29.jpg/180px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%2819142198000%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%2819142198000%29.jpg/240px-Butterflies_from_China%2C_Japan%2C_and_Corea_%2819142198000%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1908" height="179" width="120" /> |
Limenitis sydyi Lederer, 1853 | Lower Bukhtarma R., E. Kazakhstan; West Altai in Russia; Eastern Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri, China, Korea. | |
| Limenitis trivena Moore, 1864 | Indian white admiral | tropical and subtropical Asia. |
References
The Century Dictionary by The Century Company. Available online at dictionary.com/index.html[permanent dead link].
"Limenitis Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Further reading
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars: The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
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