Heliothinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Subordo: Glossata
Cladus: Coelolepida
Cladus: Myoglossata
Cladus: Neolepidoptera
Infraordo: Heteroneura
Cladus: Eulepidoptera
Cladus: Ditrysia
Cladus: Apoditrysia
Cladus: Obtectomera
Cladus: Macroheterocera
Superfamilia: Noctuoidea

Familia:Noctuidae
Subfamilia: Heliothinae
Genera: Adisura – Aedophron – Australothis – Baptarma – Canthylidia – Chazaria – Chloridea – Derrima – Eutricopis – Hebdomochondra – Helicoverpa – Heliocheilus – Heliolonche – Heliothis – Heliothodes – Isochlora – Masalia – Melaporphyria – Micriantha – Microhelia – Neocleptria – Periphanes – Protoschinia – Psectrotarsia – Pyrocleptria – Pyrrhia – Raghuva – Rhododipsa – Rhodoecia – Schinia – Stenoecia – Tamila – Timora
Name

Heliothinae Boisduval, 1828 [placed on the Official List of Family-group Names in Zoology by ICZN (1985: 158), with the name number 568]
Type genus

Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 [stem = Helioth-]

References

Cho, S.; Mitchell, A.; Mitter, C.; Regier, J.; Matthews, M.; Robertson, R. 2008: Molecular phylogenetics of heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), with comments on the evolution of host range and pest status. Systematic entomology, 33: 581–594. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00427.x
ICZN 1985: Opinion 1312. Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): gender and stem designated. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 42: 158–159. ISSN: 0007-5167 BioStor
Lafontaine, J.D. & Schmidt, B.C. 2010. Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. Zookeys 40: 1–239. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.40.414 Reference page.
Pogue, M.G., 2013: Revised status of Chloridea Duncan and (Westwood), 1841, for the Heliothis virescens species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) based on morphology and three genes. Systematic Entomology 38 (3): 523–542. Abstract: DOI: 10.1111/syen.12010.
Ronkay, L., 2002: A new species of Aedophron Lederer, 1857 from Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Heliothinae). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici 94: 181–191.

Heliothinae is a small, cosmopolitan subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae, with about 400 described species worldwide. It includes a number of economically significant agricultural pest species, such as Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea.

Taxonomy

The subfamily has been studied extensively. Important works include studies by Hardwick (1965 and 1970) and Matthews (1988).
Distribution and diversity

Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan[1] subfamily of around 400 species.[2] Its species thrive in hot, dry regions of the world,[1] and the subfamily has its highest species diversity in seasonally-arid tropics and subtropics, such as those found Australia, sections of Asia, the southwest region of the United States, and Africa.[2]
Larvae

The subfamily includes both specialist species, of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and polyphagous generalist species.[3]

The subfamily contains several agricultural pests, including Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa zea, Helicoverpa punctigera and Heliothis virescens.[3]
Genera

The subfamily includes the following genera:

Adisura Moore, 1881
Aedophron Lederer, 1857
Australothis Matthews, 1991
Baptarma Smith, 1904
Chloridea Duncan & Westwood, 1841
Chazaria Moore, 1881
Derrima Walker, 1858
Eutricopis Morrison, 1875
Hebdomochondra Staudinger, 1879
Helicoverpa Hardwick, 1965
Heliocheilus Grote, 1865
Heliolonche Grote, 1873
Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816
Heliothodes Hampson, 1910
Melaporphyria Grote, 1874
Micriantha Hampson, 1908
Microhelia Hampson, 1910
Periphanes Hübner, 1821
Protadisura Matthews, 1991
Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907
Pyrocleptria Hampson, 1903
Pyrrhia Hübner, 1821
Rhodoecia Hampson, 1910
Schinia Hübner, 1818
Stenoecia Warren, 1911
Timora Walker, 1856

Selected former genera

Erythroecia Hampson, 1910
Masalia Moore, 1881
Thyreion Smith, 1891

References

Mitter, Charles; Poole, Robert W.; Matthews, Marcus (January 1993). "Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 38: 207–225. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
Matov, Alexej; Zahiri, Reza; Holloway, Jeremy D. (5 May 2008). "The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1763 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1. Retrieved 24 July 2022.

Cunningham, John Paul; Zalucki, Myron P. (1 June 2014). "Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant?". Journal of Economic Entomology. 107 (3): 881–896. doi:10.1603/ec14036. Retrieved 23 July 2022.

Cho, S.; Mitchell, A.; Mitter, C.; Regier, J.; Matthews, M.; Robertson, R. 2008: Molecular phylogenetics of heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), with comments on the evolution of host range and pest status. Systematic entomology, 33: 581-594. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00427.x
ICZN 1985: Opinion 1312. Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): gender and stem designated. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 42: 158-159. ISSN 0007-5167 BioStor
Lafontaine, J.D.; Schmidt, B.C. 2010: Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 40: 1-239. doi:10.3897/zookeys.40.414