Gynacantha

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Cladus: Odonatoptera
Cladus: Holodonata
Ordo: Odonata
Subordo: Epiprocta
Infraordo: Anisoptera
Superfamilia: Aeshnoidea

Familia: Aeshnidae
Subfamilia: Aeshninae
Tribus: Gynacanthini
Genus: Gynacantha
Species: G. adela – G. africana – G. albistyla – G. alcathoe – G. apiaensis – G. apicalis – G. arnaudi – G. arsinoe – G. arthuri – G. auricularis – G. bainbriggei – G. bartai – G. basiguttata – G. bayadera – G. bifida – G. biharica – G. bispina – G. bullata – G. burmana – G. calliope – G. calypso – G. cattienensis – G. caudata – G. chelifera – G. constricta – G. convergens – G. corbeti – G. croceipennis – G. cylindrata – G. demeter – G. dobsoni – G. dohrni – G. dravida – G. dryadula – G. ereagris – G. flavipes – G. furcata – G. gracilis – G. helenga – G. hova – G. hyalina – G. immaculifrons – G. incisura – G. interioris – G. japonica – G. jessei – G. jubilaris – G. khasiaca – G. kirby – G. klagesi – G. laticeps – G. limbalis – G. litoralis – G. maclachlani – G. malgassica – G. manderica – G. membranalis – G. mexicana – G. millardi – G. mocsaryi – G. musa – G. nausicaa – G. nervosa – G. nigeriensis – G. nourlangie – G. nympha – G. ochraceipes – G. odoneli – G. pallampurica – G. pasiphae – G. penelope – G. phaeomeria – G. radama – G. rammohani – G. remartinia – G. risi – G. rolandmuelleri – G. rosenbergi – G. rotundata – G. ryukyuensis – G. salatrix – G. sevastopuloi – G. sextans – G. stenoptera – G. stevensoni – G. stylata – G. subinterrupta – G. tenuis – G. tibiata – G. usambarica – G. vargasi – G. vesiculata – G. victoriae – G. villosa – G. zuluensis
Name

Gynacantha Rambur, 1842
References

Rambur J.P., 1842. Histoire naturelle des insectes Névroptères. in Roret's Suites à Buffon.
Dawn, P. & Chandra, K. 2016. Description of the larva of Gynacantha millardi Selys, 1891 (Odonata: Aeshnidae) from Chhattisgarh, India. Zootaxa 4132(2): 290–294. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4132.2.12. Reference page.
Di Domenico, M., Dijkstra, K-D.B. & Carchini, G. 2016. Redescription of the larva of Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch (Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae): IN Pinto et al., Living among dragons: A festschrift in honor to Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado on occasion of his 80th birthday. Zootaxa 4078(1): 78–83. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.8.Reference page.
Haber, W.A. 2019. Gynacantha vargasi (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) sp. nov. from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 4612(1): 058–070. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.3. Reference page.
Kompier, T. & Holden, J. 2017. A new species of Gynacantha Rambur, 1842 from Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam (Odonata: Aeshnidae). Zootaxa 4272(3): 411–420. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.6. Reference page.
Neiss, U.G. & de Marmels, J. 2017. Gynacantha dryadula sp. nov. from the Guiana Shield (Odonata, Anisoptera: Aeshnidae). Zootaxa 4254(5): 563–574. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.5. Reference page. Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae.[2] The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment.[3] This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.
Species

The genus Gynacantha includes the following species:[4][5]

Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909
Gynacantha africana (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) - Giant Duskhawker
Gynacantha albistyla Fraser, 1927
Gynacantha alcathoe Lieftinck, 1961
Gynacantha apiaensis Fraser, 1927
Gynacantha apicalis Fraser, 1924
Gynacantha arnaudi Asahina, 1984
Gynacantha arsinoe Lieftinck, 1948
Gynacantha arthuri Lieftinck, 1953
Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909
Gynacantha bainbriggei Fraser, 1922
Gynacantha bartai Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005
Gynacantha basiguttata Selys, 1882
Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 (= G. furcata?)
Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842
Gynacantha biharica Fraser, 1927
Gynacantha bispina Rambur, 1842
Gynacantha bullata Karsch, 1891 - Black-kneed Duskhawker
Gynacantha burmana Lieftinck, 1960
Gynacantha calliope Lieftinck, 1953
Gynacantha calypso Ris, 1915
Gynacantha cattienensis Kompier & Holden, 2017
Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891
Gynacantha chaplini Khan, 2021
Gynacantha chelifera McLachlan, 1895
Gynacantha comorensis Couteyen & Papazian, 2009
Gynacantha constricta Hämäläinen, 1991
Gynacantha convergens Förster, 1908
Gynacantha corbeti Lempert, 1999
Gynacantha croceipennis Martin, 1897
Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch, 1891 - Greater girdled Duskhawker
Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911
Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, 1951 – lesser duskhawker[6]
Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899
Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960
Gynacantha ereagris Gundlach, 1888
Gynacantha francesca (Martin, 1909)
Gynacantha furcata Rambur, 1842
Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)
Gynacantha helenga Williamson & Williamson, 1930
Gynacantha hova Fraser, 1956
Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882
Gynacantha immaculifrons Fraser, 1956 - Pale Duskhawker
Gynacantha incisura Fraser, 1935
Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923
Gynacantha japonica Bartenev, 1909
Gynacantha jessei Williamson, 1923
Gynacantha khasiaca McLachlan, 1896
Gynacantha kirbyi Krüger, 1898 – slender duskhawker[6]
Gynacantha klagesi Williamson, 1923
Gynacantha laticeps Williamson, 1923
Gynacantha limbalis Karsch, 1892
Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923
Gynacantha maclachlani Förster, 1899
Gynacantha malgassica Fraser, 1962
Gynacantha manderica Grünberg, 1902 – little duskhawker[7]
Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891
Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 – bar-sided darner[3][8]
Gynacantha mocsaryi Förster, 1898 – paddle-tipped duskhawker[6]
Gynacantha musa Karsch, 1892
Gynacantha nausicaa Ris, 1915
Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 – twilight darner[9]
Gynacantha nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956) – yellow-legged duskhawker[8][10]
Gynacantha nourlangie Theischinger & Watson, 1991 – cave duskhawker[6]
Gynacantha odoneli Fraser, 1922
Gynacantha pasiphae Lieftinck, 1948
Gynacantha penelope Ris, 1915
Gynacantha phaeomeria Lieftinck, 1960
Gynacantha radama Fraser, 1956
Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri, 1975
Gynacantha remartinia Navás, 1934
Gynacantha risi Laidlaw, 1931
Gynacantha rolandmuelleri Hämäläinen, 1991
Gynacantha rosenbergi Kaup in Brauer, 1867 – grey duskhawker[6]
Gynacantha rotundata Navás, 1930
Gynacantha ryukyuensis Asahina, 1962
Gynacantha saltatrix Martin, 1909
Gynacantha sextans McLachlan, 1896 - Dark-rayed Duskhawker
Gynacantha stenoptera Lieftinck, 1934
Gynacantha stevensoni Fraser, 1927
Gynacantha stylata Martin, 1896
Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842
Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909
Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891
Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 – Usambara duskhawker[11]
Gynacantha vargasi Haber, 2019
Gynacantha vesiculata Karsch, 1891
Gynacantha villosa Grünberg, 1902 – hairy duskhawker[12]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gynacantha.
Wikispecies has information related to Gynacantha.

Rambur, Jules (1842). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Névroptères. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. pp. 534 [209] – via Internet Archive.
"Genus: Gynacantha Rambur, 1842". Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study. 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
Paulson, Dennis R. (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12281-4.
Dennis Paulson; Martin Schorr; Cyrille Deliry. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 15 Feb 2022.
Haber, William A. (2019-05-28). "Gynacantha vargasi (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) sp. nov. from Costa Rica". Zootaxa. 4612 (1): 58–70. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
Theischinger, G.; Hawking, J. (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha manderica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59876A72361162. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59876A72361162.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
"North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
Paulson, D.R. (2017). "Gynacantha nervosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T165050A80689618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T165050A80689618.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha nigeriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59877A72361538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59877A72361538.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Clausnitzer, V. & Suhling, F. (2010). "Gynacantha usambarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T59879A12114020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T59879A12114020.en.
Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59881A72363075. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59881A72363075.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.