Gryllidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Ordo: Orthoptera
Subordo: Ensifera
Superfamilia: Grylloidea

Familia: Gryllidae
Subfamiliae (18): Brachytrupinae – Gryllinae – Eneopterinae – Euscyrtinae – Gryllomiminae – Gryllomorphinae – †Gryllospeculinae – Hapithinae – Itarinae – Landrevinae – Nemobiinae – Oecanthinae – Pentacentrinae – Podoscirtinae – Pteroplistinae – Rumeinae – Tafaliscinae – Sclerogryllinae

Genera not assigned to subfamily (15): Adenophallusia – †Araripegryllus – Capillogryllus – †Caririgryllus – †Castillogryllus – †Cratogryllus – Ectodrelanva – Endodrelanva – †Liaonemobius – †Micromacula – Paranurogryllus – Regoza – Sabelo – †Sharovella – Spinogryllus – †Trichogryllus
Name

Gryllidae Laicharting, 1781
Synonyms

Eneopteridae Saussure, 1874
Gryllides Laicharting, 1781
Neoaclidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1988
Oecanthidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1873
Paragryllidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1988
Phalangopsidae Saussure, 1878
Podoscirtidae Saussure, 1878
Pteroplistidae Chopard, 1936
Trigonidiidae Saussure, 1874

References

Laicharting, J.N. von 1781. Verzeichniß und Beschreibung der Tyroler-Insecten. I. Theil. Käferartige Insecten. I. Band. (German) Online. Reference page.
Cadena-Castañeda, O.J., Gutiérrez, Y. & Bacca, T. 2016. New and little known Orthoptera (Ensifera and Caelifera) from the Ñambí River Natural Reserve, Nariño, Colombia. Zootaxa 4162(2): 201–224. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.1 Reference page.
Gorochov, A.V. 2014a. Classification of the Phalangopsinae subfamily group, and new taxa from the subfamilies Phalangopsinae and Phaloriinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 23(1): 7–88. Full article (PDF). Reference page.
Heads, S.W. 2018. On the status of Araripegryllus romualdoi (Insecta: Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil. Zootaxa 4486(1): 83–84. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.1.6 Paywall Reference page.
Li, X-Q., Zhang, X., Luo, W-Q., Wang, Y-L. & Ren, B-Z. 2016. Micromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Zootaxa 4127(3): 553–566. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.8 Reference page.
Rentz, D.C.F. & Su, Y.N. 2018. Changes in the nomenclature of three Australian crickets. Zootaxa 4410(2): 390–392. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.9 Paywall Reference page.
Tan, M.K. & Kamaruddin, K.N. 2016. New taxa and notes on some Landrevinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Malay Peninsula. Zootaxa 4162(3): 559–570. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.9 Reference page.

Links

Gryllidae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Gryllidae – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Gryllidae Taxon details on Fauna Europaea
Orthoptera Species File Online : family Gryllidae Laicharding, 1781

Vernacular names
беларуская: Сапраўдныя цвыркуны
Ελληνικά: Γρύλοι
English: Crickets, true crickets
español: Grillo

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. Imms[3]): taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been elevated to family level.[a] The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Walker.[4]

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).[2] The largest members of the family are the 5 cm (2 in)-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (Oecanthinae) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets (Gryllinae) are robust brown or black insects.[5]

Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – Mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):[2]

Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781
Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986
Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
†Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
†Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
†Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
†Cratogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
†Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
†Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
†Nanaripegryllus Martins-Neto 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
Sclerogryllinae Gorochov, 1985
Subfamily group Podoscirtinae
Euscyrtinae Gorochov, 1985
Hapithinae Gorochov, 1986
Pentacentrinae Saussure, 1878
Podoscirtinae Saussure, 1878 – anomalous crickets
Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
Subfamily Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845 – tree crickets
Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019[6] Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement[7])
genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

References

Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.
"Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)". Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.
Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.
Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 232–236. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.
Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.
Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936
français: Grillon
magyar: Igazi tücskök, tücsökfélék
日本語: コオロギ科
Diné bizaad: Nahakʼízii
ไทย: จิ้งหรีด, จังหรีด
中文: 蟋蟀科