Episomus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Coleoptera
Subordo: Polyphaga
Superfamilia: Curculionoidea

Familia: Curculionidae
Subfamilia: Entiminae
Tribus: Episomini
Genus: Episomus
Species: E. turritus
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Name
Episomus Schönherr, 1823

Episomus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae. Species are distributed throughout Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, China and Japan.[1][2] Many species are considered economically important, as they are pests of field beans, cotton and pigeon pea.
Description

Body variable in size and shape generally elongate, broad, and ovate. Vestiture varies from brown or metallic green. Some species are greenish or black. Three kind of scales are present: the predominant usually oval and the less predominant ones more elongate or plumose. Dorsum of many species is brown. Head with a central furrow and a more or less distinct transverse impression behind the eye. Eyes are convex, lateral, prominent, and very short ovate. Scrobes are very deep in front, but shallower near the eyes. Rostrum broader than the forehead. Mandibles obtuse, prominent and with a strongly marked scar. Antennae with scape exceeding the hind margin of the eye. Antennae geniculate and consist of a scape, a seven segmented funicle.[2]

Prothorax usually with strong transverse plications and a more or less distinct central furrow. Prothorax base is either bisinuate or subtruncate. Scutellum variable, and usually well developed. Elytra not soldered together and with or without a distinct humeral angle. Elytral base slightly covering the basal margin of the prothorax. Legs stout, and elongate with unarmed femora.[3] Epistome forming a sharp acute angle behind. Sternum with the fore coxae nearer the anterior margin of the prosternum. Ventrum varied with light brown, grey with white, black or metallic green.[2]
Species

Episomus aemulus Faust, 1897 - Malaysia
Episomus albarius Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus andrewesi Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus apicalis Chevrolat, 1883 - Malaysia
Episomus appendiculatus Faust, 1897 - India, China, Malaysia
Episomus arcuatus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus arduus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus arrogans Boheman, 1842 - India, Myanmar
Episomus avuncularius Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus bicuspis Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus bilineatus Chevrolat, 1883 - Malaysia, Singapore
Episomus binodosus Chevrolat, 1883 - Malaysia
Episomus brevipennis Faust, 1897 - Myanmar
Episomus castelnaui Faust, 1897 - Malaysia
Episomus celebensis Faust, 1895 - Indonesia
Episomus chlorostigma (Wiedemann, 1819) - Indonesia
Episomus cochinchinensis Faust, 1897 - Vietnam
Episomus connexus Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus decipiens Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus dejeani Faust, 1897 - India
Episomus distans Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus distinguendus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus diutinus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus dohertyi Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus dorsalis Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus exaratus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus fabriciusi Faust, 1897 - India
Episomus fausti Hartmann, 1900 - Indonesia
Episomus figulus Boheman, 1834 - India, Indonesia
Episomus figuratus Karsch, 1882 - Sri Lanka
Episomus fimbriatus Pascoe, 1871 - Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia
Episomus fortius Voss, 1937 - China
Episomus frenatus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus freyi Zumpt, 1937 - China
Episomus gracilicornis Ritsema, 1882 - Indonesia
Episomus gryphus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus guttatus Boheman, 1845 - India, Myanmar, Malaysia
Episomus gyllenhali Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus humeralis Chevrolat, 1883 - Indonesia, Bangladesh, India
Episomus iconicus Pascoe, 1871 - Cambodia
Episomus illustris Faust, 1897 - Malaysia, Singapore
Episomus incisipes Chevrolat, 1883 - Malaysia
Episomus incomptus Faust, 1897 - Philippines
Episomus inermicollis Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus intercalaris Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus irregularis Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus kraatzi Faust, 1895 - Malaysia, Indonesia
Episomus kwanhsiensis Heller, 1923 - China
Episomus lacerta (Fabricius, 1781) - Indonesia, India
Episomus laticollis Pascoe, 1887 - Thailand
Episomus lentus Erichson, 1834 - Philippines
Episomus limbaticollis Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus lucidus Hartmann, 1900 - Indonesia
Episomus malaccensis Faust, 1897 - Malaysia
Episomus manipurensis Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus marshalli Heller, 1908 - Vietnam
Episomus montanus Guerin, 1843 - India
Episomus mori Kono, 1928 - Japan
Episomus mundus Sharp, 1896 - Japan
Episomus nebulosus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus nigropustulatus Faust, 1894 - Myanmar
Episomus nilgirinus Heller, 1908 - India
Episomus nobilis Faust, 1895 - Malaysia, Indonesia
Episomus obesulus (Faust, 1897) - Cambodia
Episomus obliquus Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus oblongus Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus obstrusus Marshall, 1916 - Myanmar
Episomus obuncus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus omisiensis Heller, 1923 - China
Episomus parallelus Chevrolat, 1883 - Vietnam
Episomus pauperatus (Fabricius, 1801) - Indonesia, Malaysia
Episomus platina (Sparrmann, 1785) - Indonesia, Vietnam
Episomus praecanus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus profanus Faust, 1894 - Myanmar
Episomus pudibundus Faust, 1894 - Myanmar
Episomus pudicus Faust, 1897 - Malaysia, Indonesia
Episomus pyriformis Marshall, 1916 - Sri Lanka
Episomus quadrimaculatus Marshall, 1916 - India
Episomus quatuornotatus Desbrochers des Loges, 1890 - India
Episomus raucus Faust, 1897 - India
Episomus repandus Faust, 1894 - Myanmar, Cambodia
Episomus sagax Faust, 1897 - India, Bangladesh
Episomus saitus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus sennae Faust, 1894 - Myanmar
Episomus siamensis Faust, 1897 - Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand
Episomus simulator Faust, 1897 - Indonesia, Malaysia
Episomus singularis Faust, 1897 - Thailand
Episomus sobrinus Faust, 1897 - Malaysia
Episomus stellio Snellen Van Vollenhoven, 1864 - Indonesia
Episomus suavis Faust, 1897 - Malaysia
Episomus subnitens Marshall, 1916 - Indonesia, Myanmar
Episomus subtuberculatus Heller, 1922 - Vietnam
Episomus sulcicollis (Pascoe, 1865) - Myanmar
Episomus takahashi Kono, 1928 - Taiwan
Episomus timidus Faust, 1897 - Malaysia, Indonesia
Episomus tristiculus Voss, 1958 - Taiwan
Episomus truncatirostris (Fairmaire, 1889) - China
Episomus turritus (Gyllenhal, 1833) - Japan, China, Korea
Episomus uncatus Faust, 1897 - Malaysia, Indonesia
Episomus uniformis Pascoe, 1887 - India
Episomus versutus Faust, 1895 - Myanmar, India
Episomus vethi Hartmann, 1914 - Indonesia
Episomus viriosus Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus watanabei Kono, 1932 - Taiwan
Episomus wiedemanni Faust, 1897 - Indonesia
Episomus yunnanensis Voss, 1937 - China

References

"Episomus Schönherr, 1823". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
Shanas, S.; Ramamurthy, V. V. (January 2009). "A study on the oriental weevil genus Episomus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Oriental Insects. 43: 77–154. doi:10.1080/00305316.2009.10417580. S2CID 83673090. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
"THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA: COLEOPTERA. RHYNCHOPHORA :-CURCULIONIDaE" (PDF). faunaofindia. Retrieved 2021-08-15.