Encyrtidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Chalcidoidea

Familia: Encyrtidae
Subfamiliae (2): Encyrtinae - Tetracneminae
Overview of genera (493)
A

Acerophagoides – Acerophagus – Achalcerinys – Adektitopus – Adelencyrtoides – Adelencyrtus – Adencyrtus – Admirencyrtus – Aenasiella – Aenasius – Aenasomyiella – Aeptencyrtus – Aesaria – Aethognathus – Agarwalencyrtus – Agekianella – Ageniaspis – Aglyptus – Agromyzaphagus – Alamella – Allencyrtus – Allocerchysius – Allocerellus – Aloencyrtus – Amasyxia – Amauroencyrtus – Ameniscocephalus – Ameromyzobia – Amicencyrtus – Amicroterys – Amira – Ammonoencyrtus – Anagyrietta – Anagyrus – Ananusia – Anasemion – Andinoencyrtus – Anicetus – Anisophleps – Anomalencyrtus – Anomalicornia – Anthemus – Anusia – Anusioptera – Aphidencyrtoides – Aphycaspis – Aphycinus – Aphycoides – Aphycomastix – Aphycomorpha – Aphycopsis – Aphyculus – Aphycus – Apoleptomastix – Apsilophrys – Aquaencyrtus – †Archaeocercus – Archinus – Argutencyrtus – Arhopoidiella – Arketypon – Arrhenophagoidea – Arrhenophagus – Arzonella – Aschitus – Aseirba – Asencyrtus – Asitus – Assamencyrtus – Asterolecanobius – Astymachus – Atelaphycus – Atepomara – Atropates – Australanusia – Australaphycus – Austrochoreia – Austroencyrtoidea – Austroencyrtus – Austromira – Avernes –
B

Bactritopus – Baeoanusia – Baeocharis – Baeoencyrtus – Beethovena – Bennettisca – Blanchardiscus – Blastothrix – Blatticidella – Blepyrus – Bolangera – Borrowella – Bothriocraera – Bothriophryne – Bothriothorax – Boucekiella – Brachyencyrtus – Brachyplatycerus – Brephonastes – Brethesiella – Bureshiella –
C

Caenohomalopoda – Caldencyrtus – Callacnemus – Callaincyrtus – Callipteroma – Canindo – Casus – Ceballosia – Centencyrtus – Cerapteroceroides – Cerapterocerus – Ceraptrocerella – Ceraptroceroideus – Cerchysiella – Cerchysius – Cercobelus – Cerides – Charitopsis – Charitopus – Cheiloneurella – Cheiloneuromyia – Cheiloneurus – Cheilopsis – Choreia – Chorotega – Chrysomelechthrus – Chrysoplatycerus – Cibdeloencyrtus – Cicoencyrtus – Cirrhencyrtus – Cladiscodes – Cladocnemus – Clausenia – Clivia – Coagerus – Coccidaphycus – Coccidencyrtus – Coccidoctonus – Coccidoxenoides – Coccopilatus – Coelopencyrtus – Comones – Comperia – Comperiella – Conchynilla – Copidosoma – Copidosomopsis – Copidosomyia – Cowperia – Cranencyrtus – Cryptanusia – Cryptoplatycerus – Cyderius – Cyrtocoryphes –
D

Deilio – Deloencyrtus – Descarda – Diaphorencyrtus – Diasula – Dicarnosis – Dinocarsiella – Dinocarsis – Dionencyrtus – Discodes – Diversinervus – Doddanusia – Dusmetia –
E

Ebito – Echthrobaccella – Echthroplexiella – Echthroplexis – Ectroma – Ectromatopsis – Encona – Encyrtoalces – Encyrtoidea – Encyrtus – Eocencnemus – Eocencyrtus – Eotopus – Epanusia – Epiblatticida – Epicerchysius – Epiencyrtus – Epistenoterys – Epitetracnemus – Epitetralophidea – Eremencyrtus – Eremophasma – Erencyrtus – Ericydnus – Ethoris – Eucoccidophagus – Eugahania – Euogus – Eupoecilopoda – Euscapularia – Eusemion – Euzkadiella – Exoristobia – Extencyrtus –
F

Forcipestricis – Formicencyrtus –
G

Gafsa – Gahaniella – Gavria – Gentakola – Ginsiana – Globulencyrtus – Gonzalezia – Grandiclavula – Grissellia – Guerrierius – Gwala – Gyranusoidea –
H

Habrolepis – Habrolepoidea – Habrolepopteryx – Hadrencyrtus – Hadzhibeylia – Haligra – Hambletonia – Hansonellus – Hansonius – Helegonatopus – Helygia – Hemencyrtus – Hemileucoceras – Hengata – Hesperencyrtus – Heterococcidoxenus – Hexacladia – Hexacnemus – Hexencyrtus – Hipponactis – Hofferencyrtus – Holanusomyia – Holcencyrtus – Homalopoda – Homalotyloidea – Homalotylus – Homosemion – Hoplopsis –
I

Iceromyia – Idiococcophilus – Ikea – Ilicia – Inbiaphycus – Incisencyrtus – Indaphycus – Interabus – Ioessa – Islawes – Isodromoides – Isodromus – Ixodiphagus –
J

Jutarnus –
K

Kataka – Katania – Koenigsmannia – Kurdjumovia –
L

Laccacida – Lakshaphagus – Lamennaisia – Leefmansia – Leiocyrtus – Leptacnemus – Leptomastidea – Leptomastix – Leurocerus – Lirencyrtus – Lochitoencyrtus – Lohiella – Lombitsikala – Lutherisca – Luxovia – Lyka –
M

Mahencyrtus – Manicnemus – Manmohanencyrtus – Manua – Mariola – Marxella – Mashhoodia – Mashhoodiella – Mayrencyrtus – Mayridia – Melys – Meniscocephalus – Merlen – Meromyzobia – Mesanusia – Mesastymachus – Mesocalocerinus – Mesorhopella – Metablastothrix – Metanotalia – Metaphaenodiscus – Metaphycus – Metapsyllaephagus – Microterys – Mira – Mohelencyrtus – Mohelniella – Monodiscodes – Monodiscodes – Monstranusia – Moorella – Moraviella – Mozartella – Mucrencyrtus – Muluencyrtus – Myartsevaia –
N

Nassauia – Nathismusia – Neabrolepoideus – Neapsilophrys – Neastymachus – Neblatticida – Neoanabrolepis – Neocharitopus – Neocladella – Neocladia – Neococcidencyrtus – Neocyrtus – Neodusmetia – Neoplatycerus – Neorhopus – Neperpolia – Nerissa – Neruandella – Nesebaria – Nezarhopalus – Notodusmetia –
O

Odiaglyptus – Oesol – Olypusa – Oobius – Ooencyrtus – Orianos – Oriencyrtus – Ovaloencyrtus – Ovidoencyrtus –
P

Paksimmondsius – Papaka – Papuna – Parablastothrix – Parablatticida – Parachalcerinys – Paraclausenia – Paracopidosoma – Paraenasioidea – Paraenasomyia – Paramasia – Paramucrona – Paranathrix – Paraphaenodiscus – Paraphycus – Paraphyeina – Parapyrus – Parasauleia – Parastenoterys – Paratetracnemoidea – Paratetralophidea – Parechthrodryinus – Parectromoidella – Parectromoides – Parencyrtomyia – Parencyrtus – Pareupelmus – Pareusemion – Pasulinia – Pawenus – Pelmatencyrtus – Peneax – Pentacladocerus – Pentelicus – Perpolia – Phasmocephalon – Phasmocera – Phasmopoda – Phauloencyrtus – Philosindia – Pistulina – Plagiomerus – Platencyrtus – Praleurocerus – Prionomastix – Prionomitoides – Prionomitus – Prochiloneurus – Profundiscrobis – Proleptomastidea – Proleuroceroides – Proleurocerus – Protaenasius – Protyndarichoides – Pseudectroma – Pseudencyrtoides – Pseudencyrtus – Pseudhomalopoda – Pseudleptomastix – Pseudococcobius – Pseudorhopus – Psilophryoidea – Psilophrys – Psyllaephagus – Psyllaphycus – Psyllechthrus – Pulexencyrtus –
Q

Quadrencyrtus –
R

Raffaellia – Ramalia – Rhopalencyrtoidea – Rhopus – Rhytidothorax – Ruandella – Ruanderoma – Rubrencyrtus – Ruskiniana –
S

Saera – Sakencyrtus – Sanghalia – Saprencyrtus – Sarisencyrtus – Satureia – Saucrencyrtus – Sauleia – Savzdargia – Schilleriella – Scotteus – Sectiliclava – Semen – Sharqencyrtus – Shenahetia – Simmondsiella – Solenaphycus – Solenoencyrtus – Spaniopterus – Stemmatosteres – Stenoteropsis – Submicroterys – Subprionomitus – Syrphophagus – Szelenyiola –
T

Tachardiaephagus – Tachardiobius – Tachinaephagus – Taftia – Tanyencyrtus – Tassonia – Teleterebratus – Tetarticlava – Tetracnemoidea – Tetracnemus – Tetracyclos – Thomsonisca – Tineophoctonus – Tonkinencyrtus – Trechnites – Tremblaya – Trichomasthus – Tricladia – Trigonogaster – Trjapitzinellus – Tropidophryne – Tshudo – Tyndarichus – Tyndaricopsis –
V

Vietmachus – Viggianiola – Vivamexico – Vosleria –
W

Whittieria –
X

Xanthoectroma – Xenanusia – Xenoencyrtus – Xenostryxis – Xerencyrtus – Xylencyrtus –
Y

Yasumatsuiola –
Z

Zaomma – Zaommoencyrtus – Zaplatycerus – Zarhopaloides – Zarhopalus – Zdenekiella – Zelaphycus – Zelencyrtus – Zooencyrtus – Zozoros
Source(s) of checklist:

Add (1): Noyesencyrtus

Check: Anagyrodes – Avetianella – Carabunia – Fulgoridicida – Paracladella
Name

Encyrtidae

References

Chen, S.-P. & C.-N. Chen 2003: New species and new record of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Taiwan. Formosan Entomology 23: 239–244. Full article: [1]
Dahms, E.C.; Gordh, G. 1997: A review of the genera of Australian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) described from Australia by A. A. Girault with a checklist of included species. Memoirs on entomology, international, 9
Fallahzadeh, M. & Japoshvili, G. 2017. An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 4344(1): 1–46. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4344.1.1. Reference page.
Gu, Z.-H. 2003: A new genus and two new species of Encyrtidae from China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Russian Entomological Journal 12 (3): 307–310. Full article: [2]
Hayat, M.; Ahmad, Z.; Khan, F.R. 2014: Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3793(1): 1–59. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.1.1 Reference page.
Hayat, M.; Kazmi, S.I. 2011: On some Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Namdapha Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa, 2830: 1–19. Preview
Hayat, M. & Veenakumari, K. 2015. Description of four new species of brachypterous Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India. Zootaxa 3990(2): 259–271. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3990.2.6. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Hayat, M.; Saleem, U.K.A.; Nasser, M. 2012: On some Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with gall-inducing psylloids, Phacopteron and Trioza species (Hemiptera: Phacopteronidae, Triozidae) in southern India. Zootaxa 3566: 14–22. Preview Reference page.
Hayat, M.; Zeya, S.B.; Veenakumari, K. 2013: On some brachypterous Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India, with description of four new species. Zootaxa 3716(2): 259–276. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.7 Reference page.
Krishnachaitanya, T. & Manickavasagam, S. 2016. Description of three new species of Encyrtidae Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India. Zootaxa 4085(2): 285–295. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4085.2.9.Reference page.
Krishnachaitanya, T. & Manickavasagam, S. 2016. Two new species of Prionomastix Mayr (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with a key to Indian species. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7326. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7326. Reference page.
Manickavasagam, S. & Chaitanya, T.K. 2015: Description of three new species of Pentelicus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India, with a key to world species. Zootaxa 3946(2): 221–232. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.4. Preview Reference page.
Simutnik, S.A. & Perkovsky, E.E. 2018. Archaeocercus gen. nov. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Late Eocene Rovno Amber. Zootaxa 4441(3): 543–548. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.8 Paywall Reference page.
A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).

Vernacular names
日本語: トビコバチ科

Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable (e.g., some attack eggs, some attack larvae, others are hyperparasites, and some Encyrtidae develop as parasitoids of ticks). They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents. They may also present as an ecological threat to the population of some species. For example, the endangered Papilio homerus butterfly is parasitized at a rate of 77%,[1] making them the main contributor to egg mortality in this (and other) butterfly species.

Some species exhibit a remarkable developmental phenomenon called "polyembryony", in which a single egg multiplies clonally in the host and produces large numbers of identical adult wasps. Even more remarkably, some of the larvae are larger than the others and act in a similar way to the "soldiers" of eusocial insects, attacking any other wasp larvae already in the body of the host, and dying without reproducing ("altruism").

Wasps in this family are relatively easy to separate from other Chalcidoidea by features of the wing venation, the migration of the cerci forwards on the metasoma (and accompanying distortion of the tergites), and a greatly enlarged mesopleuron with anteriorly positioned mesocoxae.
Encyrtid thorax; "h" is the mesopleuron