Cynipinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Cynipoidea

Familia: Cynipidae
Subfamilia: Cynipinae
Tribus (8): Aylacini - Cynipini - Diplolepidini - Eschatocerini - Paraulacini - Pediaspidini - Qwaqwaiini - Synergini
[source: Liljeblad et al. (2011)]
Name

Cynipinae Latreille, 1802
References

Latreille, P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite à l’histoire naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes. Familles naturelles des genres. Tome troisième. F. Dufart, Paris, xii + pp. 13–467 + [1 (errata)]. BHL Reference page.
Liljeblad, J.; Nieves-Aldrey, J.L.; Neser, S.; Melika, G. 2011: Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa. Zootaxa, 2806: 35–52. Preview
Lobato-Vila, I. & Pujade-Villar. J. 2019. Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species. Zootaxa 4685(1): 1–67. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4685.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Nieves-Aldrey, J.L.; Liljeblad, J.; Nieves, M.H.; Grez, A.; Nylander, J.A.A. 2009: Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species. Zootaxa, 2200: 1–40. Abstract & excerpt
Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. & San Blas, G. 2015. Revision of the Neotropical genus Eschatocerus Mayr (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Eschatocerini) with biological notes and the first description of the terminal larva. Zootaxa 4012(1): 134–155. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.7. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Ronquist, F. 1999: Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea. Zoologica scripta, 28: 139–164. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00022.x PDF

Cynipinae is a subfamily of gall wasps (Cynipidae).[1] Many of the approximately 1,500 described species cause galls on oaks, but some induce galls on other plant species or are inquilines of the gall-inducing species.[1][2] Species occur on all continents except Antarctica, with most found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.[1] All extant cynipid species are within Cynipinae since the only other recognized subfamily is Hodiernocynipinae which is based on the fossil genus Hodiernocynips.[3]
Tribes

There are 12 tribes currently recognized within Cynipinae:[1]

Aylacini
Aulacideini
Ceroptresini
Cynipini (oak gall wasps)
Diastrophini
Diplolepidini (rose gall wasps)
Eschatocerini
Paraulacini
Pediaspidini
Phanacidini
Qwaqwaiini
Synergini

References

Ronquist, Fredrik; Nieves-Aldrey, José-Luis; Buffington, Matthew L.; Liu, Zhiwei; Liljeblad, Johan; Nylander, Johan A. A. (2015-05-20). "Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0123301. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123301. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4439057. PMID 25993346.
Zhang, Y. Miles; Buffington, Matthew L.; Looney, Chris; László, Zoltán; Shorthouse, Joseph D.; Ide, Tatsuya; Lucky, Andrea (2020-12-01). "UCE data reveal multiple origins of rose gallers in North America: Global phylogeny of Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 153: 106949. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106949. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 32866614. S2CID 221404242.
Ronquist, Fredrik (1999). "Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea". Zoologica Scripta. 28 (1–2): 139–164. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00022.x. ISSN 1463-6409. S2CID 86539477.