Aphidiinae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Endopterygota
Superordo: Hymenopterida
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Subordo: Apocrita
Superfamilia: Ichneumonoidea

Familia: Braconidae
Subfamilia: Aphidiinae
Tribus (3): Aphidiini - Ephedrini - Praini
Overview of genera

Adialytus – Areopraon – Calaphidius – Choreopraon – Dyscritulus – Ephedrus – Fovephedrus – Praon – Pseudopraon – Toxares – †Diospilites – †Propraon
...
Name

Aphidiinae Haliday, 1833
References

Haliday, A.H. 1833: An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological magazine 1(3): 259–276. BHL Reference page.
Chen, J. H. 1986. Fovephedrus, a new genus with four new species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). J. Fujian Agric. Coll. 15: 91–100.
Nazari, Y. et al. 2012: Diversity and host associations of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in the farmlands of western Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52(2): 559–584. PDF Reference page.
Ortega-Blanco, J.; Bennett, D.J.; Delclòs, X.; Engel, M.S. 2009: A primitive aphidiine wasp in Albian Amber from Spain and a Northern Hemisphere origin for the subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 82: 273–282. DOI: 10.2317/JKES0812.08.1
Rakhshani, E. et al. 2012: New species and additional evidence of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) from India. Zootaxa 3397: 45–54. Preview Reference page.
Starý, P. et al. 2010: Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 2498: 47–52. Preview
Watanabe, C. & H. Takada, 1965: A revision of the genus Pausia Quilis in Japan, with descriptions of three new species (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae). Insecta Matsumurana 28 (1): 1–17. Full article: [1].
Wharton, R.A.; Achterberg, C., van 2000: Family group names in Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera research, 9: 254–270. ISSN: 1070-9428 Internet Archive BHL BioStor

Additional references

Gadallah, N.S., El-Heneidy, A.H., Mahmoud, S.M. & Kavallieratos, N.G. 2017. Identification key, diversity and host associations of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids attacking cereal crops in Egypt. Zootaxa 4312(1): 143–154. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4312.1.6. Reference page.
Ghaliow, M.E., Petrović, A., Kocić, K., Čkrkić, J., Bogdanović, A.M., Starý, P., Kavalliteratos, N.G. & Tomanovic, Z. 2018. Key for identification of the parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids infesting alfalfa in Europe. Zootaxa 4378(1): 98–110. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.1.6 Reference page.
Lopes, T., Libert, P-N., Starý, P., Japoshvili, G., Hatt, S. & Francis, F. 2016. Checklist of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) species from Belgium with respectively four and three new records. Zootaxa 4092(4): 548–560. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.5. Full article (PDF)Reference page.

Links

Zicha, Ondřej et al. Aphidiinae – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
Aphidiinae – Taxon details on Fauna Europaea.

The Aphidiinae are a subfamily of tiny parasitoid wasps that use aphids as their hosts. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids.
Contents

1 Biology and distribution
2 Systematics
3 Genera
4 See also
5 Footnotes
6 References
7 External links

Biology and distribution

Aphidiines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of adult and immature aphids. While the larva of the 2–3 mm long Praon leaves the hollowed shell of the aphid from below to pupate in a volcano-like cocoon, most other Aphidiinae pupate inside the dead aphid and break out afterwards.

These wasps are found worldwide, but are primarily found in the northern hemisphere. Several species have been introduced to countries outside of their natural range, both accidentally and purposefully for biocontrol.[1]
Systematics

Although they have often been treated as a separate family, the Aphidiidae, the Aphidiinae are a lineage within the Braconidae. It is not yet clear to which braconid subfamilies they are most closely related.
 

	Ephedrini
	Praini   Aphidiini   Monoctonina     Trioxina     Aphidiina

 
 
Aphidiinae relationships
(after Shi & Chen 2005)

The Aphidiinae are subdivided into several tribes, the Ephedrini, Praini, Trioxini, Aclitini, and Aphidiini, with the latter subdivided into three subtribes.[2] Most species reside in the Aphidiini. The Praini's loss of internal pupation is likely to be secondary.[3]

There are ~400 spp. in ~50 genera worldwide.
Genera
parasitized aphid, still closed
parasitized aphid with exit hole
Lysiphlebus sp.

Ephedrini

Ephedrus
Toxares

Praini

Praon
Dyscritulus
Harkeria
Areopraon

Trioxini

Trioxys
Binodoxys
Monoctonus
Monoctonia
Lipolexis
Parabioxys
Bioxys

Aclitini[4]

Aclitus

Aphidiini

Aphidius
Diaeretiella
Diaeretus
Diaeretellus
Lysaphidus
Lysiphlebia
Paralipsis
Pauesia
Protaphidius
Pseudopauesia
Adialytus
Lysiphlebus
Xenostigmus

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)
See also

Aphidius nigripes

Footnotes

Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (1997). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 69.
Shi & Chen 2005
Belshaw & Quicke 1997

Žikić, et al. 2012

References

Belshaw, R. & Quicke, D.L.J. (1997): A Molecular Phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7(3): 281-293. Abstract
Shi, Min & Chen, Xue-Xin (2005): Molecular phylogeny of the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA, 18S rDNA and ATPase 6 genes. Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 133-138. PDF
Žikić, V., Ilić, M., Stanković, S., Petrović, A., Petrović-Obradović, O., Kavallieratos, N. G., Starý, P., and Tomanović, Ž. (2012): Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) of Serbia and Montenegro – tritrophic interactions. Acta Entomologica Serbica 17(1/2): 83-105. [1]