Filistatidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Haplogynae
Superfamilia: Filistatoidea

Familia: Filistatidae
Subfamiliae (2): Filistatinae – Prithinae

Genera Incertae sedis (2): Microfilistata – Pholcoides
Overview of genera (19)

Afrofilistata – Andoharano – Antilloides – Filistata – Filistatinella – Filistatoides – Kukulcania – Labahitha – Lihuelistata – Microfilistata – Misionella – Pikelinia – Pholcoides – Pritha – Sahastata – Tricalamus – Wandella – Yardiella – Zaitunia

Above genera are complete and are taken from the Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist
Name

Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867
References

Ausserer, A. 1867. Die Arachniden Tirols nach ihrer horizontalen und verticalen Verbreitung; I. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17: 137–170. [140]
Brescovit, A.D., Sánchez-Ruiz, A. & Alayón García, G. 2016. The Filistatidae in the Caribbean region, with a description of the new genus Antilloides, revision of the genus Filistatoides F. O. P.-Cambridge and notes on Kukulcania Lehtinen (Arachnida, Araneae). Zootaxa 4136(3): 401–432. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.1. Reference page.
Gray, M. R. 1995. Morphology and relationships within the spider family Filistatidae (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 79–89.
Huber, B.A. 2009: Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae). Zootaxa, 1970: 64–68.
Penney, D. 2005: First fossil Filistatidae: a new species of Misionella in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic. Journal of arachnology, 33: 93–100. PDF
Ramírez, M.J.; Grismado, C.J. 1997: A review of the spider family Filistatidae in Argentina (Arachnida, Araneae), with a cladistic reanalysis of filistatid genera. Entomologica scandinavica, 28: 319–349. PDF
Zonstein, S.; Marusik, Yu.M.; Koponen, S. 2013: Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C.F. Roewer from Afghanistan. Zootaxa 3745(1): 64–72. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3745.1.5 Reference page.

Links

Platnick, N. I. 2009. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History
https://web.archive.org/ Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist
http://organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=5371925

Vernacular names
English: Crevice weaver
日本語: カヤシマグモ科
中文: 缩网蛛科

Crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) comprise cribellate spiders with features that have been regarded as "primitive" for araneomorph spiders. They are weavers of funnel or tube webs. The family contains 18 genera and more than 120 described species worldwide.

One of the most abundant members of this family in the Americas is the southern house spider (Kukulcania hibernalis). Named after the fierce Meso-American god Kukulkan, the females are large (up to nearly 20 mm) dark-colored spiders and males are light brown, smaller (about 10 mm), but more long-legged and with palps that are held together in front of their carapaces like the horn of a unicorn. The males also have a darker streak on the center of the dorsal carapace that causes them to be often mistaken for brown recluse spiders. The tiny members of the genus Filistatinella are like miniature versions of Kukulcania. The nominate genus Filistata is Afro-Eurasian in distribution. In many older books the species from the Americas now placed in the genus Kukulcania are placed in Filistata.

A striking visual characteristic of the family, beside dimorphism, is the unusual upward bend encountered near the femur of the first pair of legs. While resembling hydraulic muscle mechanisms akin to arthropods, this modification actually allows the spider to retain the prey directly from the crevice it occupies. Also, if the larger prey ever tries to pull it from the crevice, the spider can use these legs to "grab" to the side walls and hence make it difficult. Many Kukulcania species also use them to dig holes in the soft ground at a 25- to 30-degree angle.[citation needed]
Taxonomy

The family Filistatidae was created in 1867 by Anton Ausserer.[1] It was based on the species he called Filistata bicolor (now Filistata insidiatrix), a Mediterranean species also found in southern Austria.[2][3]
Phylogeny

On the basis of the features of the male and female genitalia, the family was placed in the Haplogynae, usually as the sister taxon of the remaining members of the group.[4] However, unlike the other haplogynes, Filistatidae are cribellate and do not show a decrease in the number of segments of the anterior lateral spinnerets.[5] They have other features which have been regarded as "primitive": an M-shaped intestine, only leg IV moving while combing silk, and posterior book lung leaves being present in early juveniles.[6] A 2013 study based on molecular evidence placed the family as sister to a clade consisting of Hypochilidae and the remaining haplogynes.[7] The precise phylogenetic position of the family was described in 2014 as "one of the most enigmatic problems in spider phylogeny".[5]

A 2015 study, based on genomic data, places Filistatidae with Hypochilidae in a clade outside most of the families previously placed in Haplogynae:[8]

Araneomorphae

Hypochilidae Filistatidae most other "traditional" haplogynes Leptonetidae Entelegynae

This placement suggests that features that were thought to be "primitive" to araneomorph spiders as a whole (such as an M-shaped midgut) could actually be novel derived features (synapomorphies) of the Hypochilidae-Filistatidae clade.[8]
Genera
Main article: List of Filistatidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[9]

Afrofilistata Benoit, 1968 — Sudan
Andoharano Lehtinen, 1967 — Namibia, Madagascar
Antilloides Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Alayón, 2016 — Mexico
Filistata Latreille, 1810 — Australia, Asia
Filistatinella Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 — Mexico, United States
Filistatoides F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Guatemala, Chile, Cuba
Kukulcania Lehtinen, 1967 — North America, Central America, Chile
Labahitha Zonstein, Marusik & Magalhaes, 2017 — Malaysia
Lihuelistata Ramírez & Grismado, 1997 — Argentina
Microfilistata Zonstein, 1990 — Iran, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
Misionella Ramírez & Grismado, 1997 — Brazil, Argentina
Pholcoides Roewer, 1960 — Afghanistan, Tajikistan, India
Pikelinia Mello-Leitão, 1946 — South America
Pritha Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Oceania, Africa, France
Sahastata Benoit, 1968 — Asia, Eritrea
Tricalamus Wang, 1987 — China, Japan, Afghanistan
Wandella Gray, 1994 — Australia
Yardiella Gray, 1994 — Australia
Zaitunia Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Greece

See also

List of Filistatidae species

References

"Family: Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-01-10
"Taxon details Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775)", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-01-10
Ausserer, A. (1867), "Die Arachniden Tirols nach ihrer horizontalen und verticalen Verbreitung, I", Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17: 137–170
Coddington, Jonathan A. (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of spiders" (PDF). In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
Michalik, Peter & Ramírez, Martín J. (2014), "Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida)–Current knowledge and future directions", Arthropod Structure & Development, 43 (4): 291–322, doi:10.1016/j.asd.2014.05.005, PMID 24907603
Ramírez, M. (2014), The morphology and phylogeny of Dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, hdl:2246/6537
Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A. & Kuntner, Matjaž (2013), "Systematics : Progress in the study of spider diversity and evolution", in Penney, David (ed.), Spider research in the 21st century: trends & perspectives, Manchester, UK: Siri Scientific Press, ISBN 978-0-9574530-1-2
Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M. & Bond, Jason E. (2015). "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life". PeerJ. 3: e1852. doi:10.7717/peerj.1719. PMC 4768681. PMID 26925338.
"Family: Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.