Dysderidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Haplogynae
Superfamilia: Dysderoidea

Familia: Dysderidae
Subfamiliae: Dysderinae - Harpacteinae - Rhodinae - incertae sedis
Overview of genera

Cryptoparachtes – Dasumia – Dysdera – Dysderella – Dysderocrates – Folkia – Harpactea – Harpactocrates – Holissus – Hygrocrates – Kaemis – Kut – Mesostalita – Minotauria – Parachtes – Parastalita – Rhode – Rhodera – Sardostalita – Speleoharpactea – Stalagtia – Stalita – Stalitella – Stalitochara – Tedia
Name

Dysderidae C. L. Koch, 1837
References

Koch C.L., 1837. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 1, pp. 1–39. BHL Reference page.
Kunt, K.B.B., Elverici, M., Yağmur, E.A. & Özkütük, R.S. 2019. Kut gen. nov., a new troglomorphic spider genus from Turkey (Araneae, Dysderidae). Subterranean Biology, 32: 95–109. DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.32.46534 Open access Reference page.
Paquin, P.; Vink, C.J.; Dupérré, N. 2010: Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. ISBN 9780478347050

Links

Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

Vernacular names
català: Disdèrid
Deutsch: Sechsaugenspinnen
English: Dysderid spiders
español: Dysderidae
français: Dysderidae
italiano: Dysderidae
日本語: イノシシグモ
한국어: 돼지거미과
lietuvių: Ratavoriai
Nederlands: Celspinnen
norsk: Dysderidae
polski: Komórczakowate
русский: Трубковые пауки
Türkçe: Dysderidae
Tiếng Việt: Dysderidae
中文: 石蛛科

Dysderidae, also known as woodlouse hunters, sowbug-eating spiders, and cell spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.[1][page needed] They are found primarily in Eurasia, extending into North Africa with very few species occurring in South America. Dysdera crocata is introduced into many regions of the world.[2]

Dysderids have six eyes, and are haplogyne, i.e. the females lack a sclerotized epigyne. There is a substantial number of genera, but two of them, Dysdera and Harpactea, account for a very large number of the species and are widespread across the family's range. One species, Dysdera crocata (the woodlouse hunter), has been transported over much of the planet together with its preferred foods—woodlice. Dysdera also feeds on beetles. These spiders have very large chelicerae, which they use to pierce the armored bodies of woodlice and beetles. There are also some reports that they have a mildly toxic venom that can cause local reactions in humans.

The spiders have their six eyes arranged in a semicircle like segestrids, but have only the first two pairs of legs produced forward. Dysdera crocata has a characteristic coloring, which can only be confused with spiders in the trachelid genera Trachelas and Meriola: the carapace is dull red-brown and the abdomen gray or tan.
Genera
Main article: List of Dysderidae species

The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]

Dysderinae C. L. Koch, 1837
Cryptoparachtes Dunin, 1992 (Georgia, Azerbaijan)
Dysdera Latreille, 1804 (worldwide)
Dysderella Dunin, 1992 (Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan))
Dysderocrates Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman, 1988 (Balkans)
Harpactocrates Simon, 1914 (Europe)
Hygrocrates Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 (Georgia, Turkey)
Parachtes Alicata, 1964 (Southern Europe)
Rhodera Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989 (Crete)
Stalitochara Simon, 1913 (Algeria)
Tedia Simon, 1882 (Israel, Syria)
Harpacteinae
Dasumia Thorell, 1875 (Europe, Middle East)
Folkia Kratochvíl, 1970 (Balkans)
Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 (Europe to Iran, Mediterranean)
Holissus Simon, 1882 (Corsica)
Kaemis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 (Italy)
Minotauria Kulczyn'ski, 1903 (Crete)
Sardostalita Gasparo, 1999 (Sardinia)
Stalagtia Kratochvíl, 1970 (Balkans, Greece)
Rhodinae
Mesostalita Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971 (Balkans, Italy)
Parastalita Absolon & Kratochvíl, 1932 (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
Rhode Simon, 1882 (Mediterranean)
Speleoharpactea Ribera, 1982 (Spain)
Stalita Schiödte, 1847 (Balkans)
Stalitella Absolon & Kratochvíl, 1932 (Balkans)
incertae sedis
Thereola Petrunkevitch, 1955 † (fossil, Oligocene)

Thereola petiolata (Koch & Berendt, 1854) †