Chrosiothes

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Theridiidae
Subfamilia: Spintharinae
Genus: Chrosiothes
Species: C. carajaensis – C. chirica – C. cicuta – C. decorus – C. diabolicus – C. episinoides – C. fulvus – C. goodnightorum – C. iviei – C. jamaicensis – C. jenningsi – C. jocosus – C. litus – C. minusculus – C. murici – C. niteroi – C. perfidus – C. portalensis – C. proximus – C. silvaticus – C. sudabides – C. taiwan – C. tonala – C. una – C. valmonti – C. venturosus – C. wagneri
Name

Chrosiothes Simon, 1894

Type species: Chrosiothes silvaticus Eugène Simon, 1894

Synonyms

Theridiotis Levi, 1954
Type species: Dipoena jocosa Gertsch and Davis, 1936.

References

Simon, E.L. 1894. Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris 1, 489–760. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.51973 Reference page.

Additional references

Marques, M.A.L. & Buckup, E.H. 1997. Duas novas espécies de Chrosiothes e descrição do macho de C. niteroi (Araneae, Theridiidae). Iheringia, Série Zoologia 83: 181-186. Reference page.
Puchulú-Figueiredo, C., Santanna, M. & Rodrigues, E.N.L. 2017. Six new species and new records of the spider genus Chrosiothes from Brazil with the description of the female of Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae). Zootaxa 4329(3): 219–236. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4329.3.2. Reference page.
Yoshida, H., Tso, I.M. & Severinghaus, L.L. 2000. A New Species of the Genus Nesticella (Araneae: Nesticidae) from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 39: 123-132. full article (PDF). Reference page.

Links

Platnick, N. I. 2008. The World Spider Catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History. [1]

Chrosiothes is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894.[3] It is considered a senior synonym of Theridiotis.[2]

They have thick legs and two minute setae in place of a colulus. Males are noticeably smaller than females. Females of C. jamaicensis are about 2.9 millimetres (0.11 in) long, while males are only about 1.6 millimetres (0.063 in).

They are closely related to members of Episinus, Spintharus, Thwaitesia and Anelosimus.
Species

As of May 2020 it contains twenty-seven species that occurs almost exclusively in the New World from the United States to Brazil, with one species found in China, Korea and Japan, and two species endemic to Taiwan:[1]

Chrosiothes carajaensis Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes chirica (Levi, 1954) – USA, Mexico
Chrosiothes cicuta Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes decorus Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes diabolicus Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes episinoides (Levi, 1963) – Chile
Chrosiothes fulvus Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan
Chrosiothes goodnightorum (Levi, 1954) – Mexico to Costa Rica
Chrosiothes iviei Levi, 1964 – USA
Chrosiothes jamaicensis Levi, 1964 – Jamaica, Dominican Rep.
Chrosiothes jenningsi Piel, 1995 – USA
Chrosiothes jocosus (Gertsch & Davis, 1936) – USA, Mexico
Chrosiothes litus Levi, 1964 – Mexico
Chrosiothes minusculus (Gertsch, 1936) – USA, Mexico
Chrosiothes murici Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes niteroi Levi, 1964 – Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina
Chrosiothes perfidus Marques & Buckup, 1997 – Brazil
Chrosiothes portalensis Levi, 1964 – USA, Mexico
Chrosiothes proximus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) – Mexico to Panama
Chrosiothes silvaticus Simon, 1894 (type) – USA to Ecuador
Chrosiothes sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – China, Korea, Japan
Chrosiothes taiwan Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000 – Taiwan
Chrosiothes tonala (Levi, 1954) – Mexico to Honduras
Chrosiothes una Puchulú-Figueiredo, Santanna & Rodrigues, 2017 – Brazil
Chrosiothes valmonti (Simon, 1898) – St. Vincent
Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 – Brazil
Chrosiothes wagneri (Levi, 1954) – Mexico

Formerly included:

C. australis (Simon, 1896) (Transferred to Episinus)