Armadillidium

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Superclassis: Multicrustacea
Classis: Malacostraca
Subclassis: Eumalacostraca
Superordo: Peracarida
Ordo: Isopoda
Subordo: Oniscidea
Infraordo: Holoverticata
Section: Crinocheta

Familia: Armadillidiidae
Genus: Armadillidium
Species: A. aelleni – A. alassiense – A. albanicum – A. albifrons – A. albigauni – A. album – A. ameglioi – A. amicorum – A. anconanum – A. apenninigenum – A. apenninorum – A. apfelbecki – A. apuanum – A. arcadicum – A. arcangelii – A. argentarium – A. argolicum – A. armeniensis – A. artense – A. assimile – A. atticum – A. azerbaidzhanum – A. badium – A. baldense – A. banaci – A. banaticum – A. beieri – A. bicurvatum – A. bifidum – A. bimarginatum – A. bosniensis – A. brambillae – A. brentanum – A. brevicaudatum – A. brunneum – A. canaliferum – A. carniolense – A. carynthiacum – A. cavannai – A. cavernarum – A. cephalonicum – A. cetinjense – A. chazaliei – A. clausii – A. clavigerum – A. coelatum – A. corcyraeum – A. cruzi – A. cythereium – A. dalmaticum – A. decipiens – A. decorum – A. delattini – A. depressum – A. djebalensis – A. dollfusi – A. ehrenbergii – A. emmae – A. ephesiacum – A. epirense – A. espanyoli – A. esterelanum – A. etruriae – A. euxinum – A. fallax – A. ficalbii – A. flavoscutatum – A. fossuligerum – A. frontemarginatum – A. frontetriangulum – A. frontirostre – A. frontisignum – A. furcatum – A. gallicum – A. garumnicum – A. germanicum – A. gerstaeckeri – A. gestroi – A. globosum – A. graecorum – A. granulatum – A. granum – A. hauseni – A. hemprichii – A. herzegowinense – A. hessei – A. hirtum – A. holzi – A. humectum – A. humile – A. hungaricum – A. hybridum – A. hydrense – A. inflatum – A. insulanum – A. irmengardis – A. janinensis – A. jonicum – A. justi – A. kalamatense – A. kalamium – A. klaptoczi – A. klugii – A. kossuthi – A. laconicum – A. lagrecai – A. laminigerum – A. lanzai – A. lemnium – A. littorale – A. lobocurvum – A. luridum – A. lusitanicum – A. maccagnoi – A. maculatum – A. mareoticum – A. marinense – A. marinensium – A. marmoratum – A. marmorivagum – A. mateui – A. messenicum – A. mohamedanicum – A. mycenaeum – A. narentanum – A. nasatum – A. naxium – A. nigrum – A. nitidulus – A. obenbergi – A. odysseum – A. oglasae – A. olympiacum – A. omblae – A. opacum – A. ormeanum – A. paeninsulae – A. pallasii – A. pallidum – A. panningi – A. pardoi – A. pardoni – A. parvum – A. pelagicum – A. pelionense – A. pellegrinense – A. peloponnesiacum – A. peraccae – A. pictum – A. pilosellum – A. portofinense – A. pretusi – A. pseudassimile – A. pseudovulgare – A. pujetanum – A. pulchellum – A. quadrifrons – A. quinquepustulatum – A. rhodopinum – A. riparium – A. rosai – A. ruffoi – A. samium – A. samothracium – A. sanctum – A. savonense – A. saxivagum – A. scaberrimum – A. scabrum – A. schoeblii – A. schulzi – A. serrai – A. serratum – A. siculorum – A. silvestrii – A. simile – A. simoni – A. sordidum – A. speyeri – A. spinosum – A. steindachneri – A. stolikanum – A. storkani – A. strinatii – A. stygium – A. subdentatum – A. sulcatum – A. tabacarui – A. teramense – A. thessalorum – A. tigris – A. tirolense – A. torchiai – A. traiana – A. tripolitzense – A. tunetanum – A. tyrrhenum – A. vallombrosae – A. valonae – A. variegatum – A. veluchieuse – A. verhoeffi – A. versicolor – A. versluysi – A. voidiensis –A. vulgare – A. werneri – A. willii – A. xerovunense – A. zangherii – A. zenckeri – A. zuellichi
i - A. versicolor - A. versluysi - A. voidiensis - A. vulgare

Name

Armadillidium Brandt, 1833
References

Schmalfuss, H. 2011: The terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Greece. 27th contribution: The genus Armadillidium (Armadillidiidae) on the Ionian islands. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde (A) (n.s.), 4: 1–42. PDF
Schmalfuss, H. 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A Nr. 654: 341 pp. BHL Reference page.
Armadillidium Brandt, 1833 – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names
English: pill bug, roley poley, rolly polly
magyar: gömbászkák
日本語: オカダンゴムシ属
中文: 球鼠婦屬

Armadillidium (/ɑːrmədɪˈlɪdiəm/) is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean known as the woodlouse. Armadillidium are also commonly known as pill woodlice, leg pebbles, pill bugs, roly-poly, or potato bugs, and are often confused with pill millipedes such as Glomeris marginata. They are characterised by their ability to roll into a ball ("volvation") when disturbed.
Distribution and habitat

They typically feed on moss, algae, bark and other decaying organic matter. They are usually found in moist areas such as decomposing leaf matter and soil. Armadillidium vulgare is the most abundant species in Europe and has been introduced worldwide. However, the vast majority of species are endemic to small regions close to the Mediterranean Sea, in much lower numbers than common species such as A. vulgare, and hence are understudied.
Description

Unlike other terrestrial arthropods such as insects and spiders, pill bugs do not have a waxy cuticle that would reduce evaporation from their bodies. Pill bugs also use modified lungs, called pseudotrachea, for respiration, and the lungs must remain moist to function. Individual pill bugs typically live for two or three years, and females brood eggs once or twice each summer. Several hundred eggs are brooded at a time in the marsupium, a pocket on the ventral side of the female pill bug. The marsupium must also be kept filled with water until the young hatch and crawl away.

The colouration especially of young A. klugii resembles the red hourglass marking of the Mediterranean black widow Latrodectus tredecimguttatus. This is probably a kind of mimicry, to ward off predators that mistake the harmless animal for a venomous spider.[1]
Species

There are 189 recognised species in the genus Armadillidium:[2][3]

Armadillidium absoloni Strouhal, 1939
Armadillidium aegaeum Strouhal, 1929
Armadillidium aelleni Caruso & Ferrara, 1982
Armadillidium alassiense Verhoeff, 1910
Armadillidium albigauni Arcangeli, 1935
Armadillidium albomarginatum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium album Dollfus, 1887
Armadillidium ameglioi Arcangeli, 1914
Armadillidium amicorum Rodríguez & Vicente, 1993
Armadillidium anconanum Verhoeff, 1928
Armadillidium apenninigenum Verhoeff, 1936
Armadillidium apenninorum Verhoeff, 1928
Armadillidium apfelbecki Dollfus, 1895
Armadillidium apuanum Taiti & Ferrara, 1995
Armadillidium arcadicum Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium arcangelii Strouhal, 1929
Armadillidium argentarium Verhoeff, 1931
Armadillidium argolicum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium artense Strouhal, 1956
Armadillidium assimile Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium atticum Strouhal, 1929
Armadillidium azerbaidzhanum Schmalfuss, 1990
Armadillidium badium Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium baldense Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium banaticum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium beieri Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium bensei Schmalfuss, 2006
Armadillidium bicurvatum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium bosniense Strouhal, 1939
Armadillidium boukorninense Hamaied, Charfi-Cheikhrouha & Lombardo, 2018
Armadillidium brentanum Verhoeff, 1931
Armadillidium bulgaricum Frankenberger, 1941
Armadillidium calabricum Verhoeff, 1908
Armadillidium canaliferum Verhoeff, 1908
Armadillidium capreae Verhoeff, 1944
Armadillidium carniolense Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium carynthiacum Verhoeff, 1939
Armadillidium cavannai Arcangeli, 1960
Armadillidium cephalonicum Strouhal, 1929
Armadillidium chazaliei Dollfus, 1896
Armadillidium clausi Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium clavigerum Verhoeff, 1928
Armadillidium corcyraeum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium cruzi Garcia, 2003
Armadillidium cythereium Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium dalmaticum Strouhal, 1939
Armadillidium decorum Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium delattini Verhoeff, 1943
Armadillidium depressum Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium djebalensis Vandel, 1958
Armadillidium dollfusi Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium elysii Verhoeff, 1936
Armadillidium epiroticum Strouhal, 1956
Armadillidium espanyoli Cruz, 1990
Armadillidium esterelanum Dollfus, 1887
Armadillidium etruriae Ferrara & Taiti, 1978
Armadillidium euxinum Verhoeff, 1929
Armadillidium fallax Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium ficalbii Arcangeli, 1911
Armadillidium flavoscutatum Strouhal, 1927
Armadillidium fossuligerum Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium frontemarginatum Strouhal, 1927
Armadillidium frontetriangulum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium furcatum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium galiciense Schmölzer, 1955
Armadillidium germanicum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium gestroi Tua, 1900
Armadillidium ghardalamensis Caruso & Hili, 1991
Armadillidium gionum Schmalfuss, 2012
Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium grimmi Schmalfuss, 2006
Armadillidium hauseni Schmalfuss, 1985
Armadillidium herzegowinense Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium hessei Verhoeff, 1930
Armadillidium hirtum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium humectum Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium ichkeuli Hamaied & Charfi-Cheikhrouha, 2017
Armadillidium insulanum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium irmengardis Strouhal, 1956
Armadillidium janinense Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium jaqueti Dollfus, 1897
Armadillidium jerrentrupi Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium jonicum Strouhal, 1927
Armadillidium justi Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium kalamatense Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium kalamium Strouhal, 1956
Armadillidium klaptoczi Verhoeff, 1908
Armadillidium klugii Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium kochi Dollfus, 1887
Armadillidium kossuthi Arcangeli, 1929
Armadillidium kuehnelti Schmalfuss, 2006
Armadillidium laconicum Strouhal, 1938
Armadillidium lagrecai Vandel, 1969
Armadillidium laminigerum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium lanzai Taiti & Ferrara, 1996
Armadillidium littorale Taiti & Ferrara, 1996
Armadillidium lobocurvum Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium lymberakisi Schmalfuss, Paragamian & Sfenthourakis, 2004
Armadillidium maccagnoae Arcangeli, 1960
Armadillidium maculatum Risso, 1816
Armadillidium maniatum Schmalfuss, 2006
Armadillidium mareoticum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium marinense Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium marinensium Verhoeff, 1928
Armadillidium marmoratum Strouhal, 1929
Armadillidium marmorivagum Verhoeff, 1934
Armadillidium mateui Vandel, 1953
Armadillidium messenicum Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium meteorense Schmalfuss, 2012
Armadillidium mohamedanicum Verhoeff, 1929
Armadillidium nahumi Garcia, 2020
Armadillidium narentanum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium niger Kortshagin, 1887
Armadillidium nigrum Arcangeli, 1956
Armadillidium obenbergi Frankenberger, 1941
Armadillidium odhneri Verhoeff, 1930
Armadillidium oglasae Ferrara & Taiti, 1978
Armadillidium omblae Verhoeff, 1900
Armadillidium opacum (C. Koch, 1841)
Armadillidium ormeanum Verhoeff, 1931
Armadillidium paeninsulae Ferrara & Taiti, 1978
Armadillidium pallasii Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium pallidum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium pangaionum Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium panningi Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium pardoi Vandel, 1956
Armadillidium pelionense Strouhal, 1928
Armadillidium peloponnesiacum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium peraccae Tua, 1900
Armadillidium petralonense Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium phalacronum Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium pictum Brandt, 1833
Armadillidium pieperi Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium pilosellum Dollfus, 1896
Armadillidium ponalense Verhoeff, 1934
Armadillidium portofinense Verhoeff, 1908
Armadillidium pretusi Cruz, 1990
Armadillidium pseudassimile Taiti & Ferrara, 1980
Armadillidium pseudovulgare Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium pulchellum (Zenker, 1798)
Armadillidium quinquepustulatum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium rhodopinum Verhoeff, 1936
Armadillidium rojanum Verhoeff, 1936
Armadillidium rosai Arcangeli, 1913
Armadillidium ruffoi Arcangeli, 1940
Armadillidium rupium Verhoeff, 1928
Armadillidium sanctum Dollfus, 1892
Armadillidium savonense Verhoeff, 1931
Armadillidium saxivagum Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium scaberrimum Stein, 1859
Armadillidium scabrum Dollfus, 1892
Armadillidium schmalfussi Caruso & Lombardo, 1982
Armadillidium serrai Cruz & Dalens, 1990
Armadillidium serratum Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium sfenthourakisi Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium siculorum Verhoeff, 1908
Armadillidium silvestrii Verhoeff, 1931
Armadillidium simile Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium simoni Dollfus, 1887
Armadillidium sordidum Dollfus, 1887
Armadillidium stagnoense Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium steindachneri Strouhal, 1927
Armadillidium stolikanum Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium storkani Frankenberger, 1941
Armadillidium strinatii Vandel, 1961
Armadillidium stymphalicum Schmalfuss, 2006
Armadillidium sulcatum Milne-Edwards, 1840
Armadillidium tabacarui Gruia, Iavorschi & Sarbu, 1994
Armadillidium teramense Verhoeff, 1933
Armadillidium tigris Budde-Lund, 1885
Armadillidium tirolense Verhoeff, 1901
Armadillidium torchiai Taiti & Ferrara, 1996
Armadillidium traiani Demianowicz, 1932
Armadillidium tripolitzense Verhoeff, 1902
Armadillidium tuberculatum Schmalfuss, 2008
Armadillidium tunisiense Hamaïed & Charfi-Cheikhrouha, 2007
Armadillidium tyrrhenum Taiti & Ferrara, 1980
Armadillidium vallombrosae Verhoeff, 1907
Armadillidium valonae Arcangeli, 1952
Armadillidium verhoeffi Rogenhofer, 1915
Armadillidium versicolor Stein, 1859
Armadillidium versluysi Strouhal, 1937
Armadillidium virgo Caruso & Bouchon, 2011
Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804)
Armadillidium werneri Strouhal, 1927
Armadillidium xerovunense Strouhal, 1956
Armadillidium zangherii Arcangeli, 1923
Armadillidium zenckeri Brandt, 1833