Araneus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Ordo: Araneae
Subordo: Opisthothelae
Infraordo: Araneomorphae
Taxon: Neocribellatae
Series: Entelegynae
Superfamilia: Araneoidea

Familia: Araneidae
Subfamilia: Araneinae
Tribus: Araneini
Genus: Araneus
Species (655):
A

A. aballensis – A. abeicus – A. abigeatus – A. acachmenus – A. acolla – A. acrocephalus – A. acronotus – A. acropygus – A. acuminatus – A. acusisetus – A. adiantiformis – A. adjuntaensis – A. aethiopicus – A. aethiopissa – A. affinis – A. agastus – A. akakensis – A. aksuensis – A. albabdominalis – A. albiaculeis – A. albidus – A. albilunatus – A. albomaculatus – A. alboquadratus – A. albotriangulus – A. alboventris – A. alhue – A. allani – A. alsine – A. altitudinum – A. amabilis – A. amblycyphus – A. amurius – A. amygdalaceus – A. ana – A. anantnagensis – A. anaspastus – A. anatipes – A. ancurus – A. andrewsi – A. anguinifer – A. angulatus – A. anjonensis – A. annuliger – A. annulipes – A. apache – A. apicalis – A. apiculatus – A. apobleptus – A. appendiculatus – A. apricus – A. aragua – A. aralis – A. arcuatus – A. arenaceus – A. arfakianus – A. arganicola – A. argentarius – A. arizonensis – A. asiaticus – A. aubertorum – A. aurantiifemuris – A. auriculatus – A. axacus –
B

A. badiofoliatus – A. badongensis – A. bagamoyensis – A. baicalicus – A. balanus – A. bandelieri – A. bantaengi – A. bargusinus – A. basalteus – A. bastarensis – A. baul – A. beebei – A. beijiangensis – A. biapicatifer – A. bicavus – A. bicentenarius – A. bidentatus – A. bidentatoides – A. bigibbosus – A. bihamulus – A. bilunifer – A. bimaculicollis – A. bimini – A. biprominens – A. bipunctatus – A. bispinosus – A. bivittatus – A. blaisei – A. blochmanni – A. blumenau – A. boerneri – A. boesenbergi – A. bogotensis – A. bonali – A. boneti – A. bonsallae – A. borealis – A. boreus – A. bosmani – A. bradleyi – A. braueri – A. breviscapus – A. brisbanae – A. bryantae – A. bufo –
C

A. caballo – A. calusa – A. camilla – A. canacus – A. canalae – A. canestrinii – A. caplandensis – A. carabellus – A. carchi – A. cardioceros – A. carimagua – A. carnifex – A. carroll – A. castilho – A. catillatus – A. catospilotus – A. caudifer – A. cavaticus – A. celebensis – A. cercidius – A. cereolus – A. chenjingi – A. chiapas – A. chiaramontei – A. chingaza – A. chunhuaia – A. chunlin – A. cingulatus – A. circe – A. circellus – A. circulissparsus – A. circumbasilaris – A. coccinella – A. cochise – A. cohnae – A. colima – A. colubrinus – A. complanatus – A. compsus – A. comptus – A. concepcion – A. concinnus – A. concoloratus – A. conexus – A. corbita – A. corporosus – A. corrugis – A. corticaloides – A. corticarius – A. crinitus – A. crispulus – A. cristobal – A. cucullatus – A. cuiaba – A. cungei – A. cyclops – A. cylindriformis – A. cyphoxis – A. cyrtarachnoides –
D

A. daozhenensis – A. dayongensis – A. decaisnei – A. decentellus – A. decolor – A. decoratus – A. demoniacus – A. depressatulus – A. desierto – A. detrimentosus – A. diabrosis – A. diadematoides – A. diadematus – A. dianiphus – A. diffinis – A. digitatus – A. dimidiatus – A. diversicolor – A. doenitzellus – A. dofleini – A. dospinolongus – A. dreisbachi – A. drygalskii –
E

A. ealensis – A. eburneiventris – A. eburnus – A. ejusmodi – A. elatatus – A. elizabethae – A. ellipticus – A. elongatus – A. emmae – A. enucleatus – A. enyoides – A. ethani – A. eugenei – A. excavatus – A. expletus – A. exsertus –
F

A. falcatus – A. fastidiosus – A. favorabilis – A. faxoni – A. fengshanensis – A. fenzhi – A. ferganicus – A. ferrugineus – A. fictus – A. finneganae – A. fishoekensis – A. fistulosus – A. flagelliformis – A. flavisternis – A. flavopunctatus – A. flavosellatus – A. flavosignatus – A. flavus – A. floriatus – A. floriformis – A. formosellus – A. frio – A. fronki – A. frosti – A. fulvellus – A. fuscinotus –
G

A. gadus – A. galero – A. gazerti – A. geminatus – A. gemma – A. gemmoides – A. gerais – A. gestrellus – A. gestroi – A. gibber – A. ginninderranus – A. goniaeoides – A. goniaeus – A. graeffi – A. graemii – A. granadensis – A. granti – A. gratiolus – A. groenlandicola – A. grossus – A. guandishanensis – A. guatemus – A. guerrerensis – A. guessfeldi – A. gundlachi – A. gurdus – A. guttatus – A. guttulatus –
H

A. habilis – A. haematomerus – A. hamiltoni – A. hampei – A. haploscapellus – A. haruspex – A. herbeus – A. hierographicus – A. himalayanus – A. hirsti – A. hirsutulus – A. hispaniola – A. holzapfelae – A. horizonte – A. hortensis – A. hoshi – A. hotteiensis – A. huahun – A. hui – A. huixtla – A. humilis –
I

A. idoneus – A. iguacu – A. illaudatus – A. indistinctus – A. inquietus – A. interjectus – A. inustus – A. iriomotensis – A. isabella – A. ishisawai – A. iviei –
J

A. jalimovi – A. jalisco – A. jamundi – A. juniperi –
K

A. kalaharensis – A. kapiolaniae – A. karissimbicus – A. kerr – A. khingan – A. kirgisikus – A. kiwuanus – A. klaptoczi – A. koepckeorum – A. komi – A. kraepelini –
L

A. lacrymosus – A. ladschicola – A. lamperti – A. lancearius – A. lanio – A. lateriguttatus – A. lathyrinus – A. latirostris – A. leai – A. lechugalensis – A. legonensis – A. lenkoi – A. lenzi – A. leones – A. liae – A. liami – A. liber – A. liberalis – A. liberiae – A. licenti – A. lihaiboi – A. lineatipes – A. lineatus – A. linshuensis – A. lintatus – A. linzhiensis – A. lithyphantiformis – A. lixicolor – A. loczyanus – A. lodicula – A. longicaudus – A. luteofaciens – A. lutulentus –
M

A. macacus – A. macleayi – A. madagascaricus – A. mamillanus – A. mammatus – A. mangarevoides – A. margaritae – A. margitae – A. mariposa – A. marmoreus – A. marmoroides – A. masculus – A. masoni – A. mastersi – A. matogrosso – A. matsumotoi – A. mauensis – A. mayanghe – A. mayumiae – A. mazamitla – A. mbogaensis – A. memoryi – A. mendoza – A. menglunensis – A. meropes – A. mertoni – A. metalis – A. metellus – A. meus – A. miami – A. microsoma – A. microtuberculatus – A. mimosicola – A. minahassae – A. miniatus – A. minisculus – A. minutalis – A. miquanensis – A. missouri – A. mitificus – A. monica – A. monoceros – A. montereyensis – A. moretonae – A. mortoni – A. morulus – A. mossambicanus – A. motuoensis – A. mulierarius – A. musawas – A. myurus –
N

A. nacional – A. nashoba – A. necopinus – A. neocaledonicus – A. nephelodes – A. nidus – A. nigmanni – A. nigricaudus – A. nigrodecoratus – A. nigroflavornatus – A. nigromaculatus – A. nigropunctatus – A. nigroquadratus – A. niveus – A. noegeatus – A. nojimai – A. nordmanni – A. nossibeus – A. notacephalus – A. notandus – A. noumeensis – A. novaepommerianae – A. nox – A. nuboso – A. nympha –
O

A. obscurissimus – A. obscurtus – A. obtusatus – A. ocaxa – A. ocellatulus – A. octodentalis – A. octumaculalus – A. ogatai – A. omnicolor – A. orgaos – A. origenus – A. ovoideus – A. oxygaster – A. oxyurus –
P

A. paenulatus – A. pahalgaonensis – A. pahli – A. paitaensis – A. pallasi – A. pallescens – A. pallidus – A. panchganiensis – A. panniferens – A. papulatus – A. partitus – A. parvulus – A. parvus – A. pauxillus – A. pavlovi – A. pecuensis – A. pegnia – A. pellax – A. penai – A. pentagrammicus – A. perincertus – A. petersi – A. pfeifferae – A. phaleratus – A. phlyctogena – A. phyllonotus – A. pianmaensis – A. pichoni – A. pico – A. pictithorax – A. pinguis – A. pistiger – A. pius – A. plenus – A. pogisa – A. poltyoides – A. polydentatus – A. pontii – A. popaco – A. postilena – A. poumotuus – A. praedatus – A. praesignis – A. prasius – A. pratensis – A. principis – A. pronubus – A. prospiciens – A. providens – A. prunus – A. pseudoconicus – A. pseudodigitatus – A. pseudosturmii – A. pseudoventricosus – A. psittacinus – A. pudicus – A. puebla – A. pulcherrimus – A. pulchriformis – A. punctipedellus – A. pupulus – A. purus –
Q

A. qianshan – A. quadratus – A. quietus – A. quirapan –
R

A. rabiosulus – A. radja – A. ragnhildae – A. rainbowi – A. ramulosus – A. rani – A. rarus – A. raui – A. recherchensis – A. reizan – A. relicinus – A. repetecus – A. riveti – A. roseomaculatus – A. rotundicornis – A. rotundulus – A. royi – A. rubicundulus – A. rubripunctatus – A. rubrivitticeps – A. rufipes – A. russicus – A. ryukyuanus –
S

A. saccalava – A. saevus – A. sagicola – A. salto – A. sambava – A. santacruziensis – A. santarita – A. savesi – A. schneblei – A. schrencki – A. scutellatus – A. scutifer – A. scutigerens – A. selva – A. seminiger – A. semiorbiculatus – A. senicaudatus – A. separatus – A. septemtuberculatus – A. sericinus – A. sernai – A. shii – A. shiwandashan – A. shunhuangensis – A. sicki – A. simillimus – A. singularis – A. sinistrellus – A. sinuosus – A. sogdianus – A. spathurus – A. speculabundus – A. sponsus – A. squamifer – A. stabilis – A. stella – A. stolidus – A. strandiellus – A. striatipes – A. strigatellus – A. strupifer – A. sturmi – A. suavis – A. subflavidus – A. subumbrosus – A. sulfurinus – A. svanetiensis – A. sydneyicus – A. sylvicola –
T

A. taigunensis – A. talasi – A. talca – A. talipedatus – A. tambopata – A. tamerlani – A. taperae – A. tartaricus – A. tatianae – A. tatsulokeus – A. tellezi – A. tenancingo – A. tenerius – A. tengxianensis – A. tepic – A. tetracanthus – A. tetraspinulus – A. texanus – A. thaddeus – A. thevenoti – A. thorelli – A. tiganus – A. tijuca – A. tinikdikitus – A. titirus – A. toma – A. tonkinus – A. toruaigiri – A. transversivittiger – A. transversus – A. triangulus – A. tricoloratus – A. trifolium – A. trigonophorus – A. triguttatus – A. tschuiskii – A. tsurusakii – A. tubabdominus – A. tuscarora –
U

A. ubicki – A. unanimus – A. uniformis – A. unistriatus – A. urbanus – A. urquharti – A. ursimorphus – A. uruapan – A. urubamba – A. usualis – A. uyemurai –
V

A. variegatus – A. varpunen – A. venatrix – A. ventricosus – A. ventriosus – A. vermimaculatus – A. villa – A. vincibilis – A. viperifer – A. virgunculus – A. virgus – A. viridisomus – A. viridiventris – A. viridulus – A. v-notatus – A. volgeri – A. vulpinus – A. vulvarius –
W

A. walesianus – A. wanghuai – A. washingtoni – A. wokamus – A. woodfordi – A. workmani – A. wulongensis –
X

A. xavantina – A. xianfengensis – A. xiang – A. xizangensis –
Y

A. yadongensis – A. yangchuandongi – A. yapingensis – A. yasudai – A. yatei – A. yoshitomii – A. yuanminensis – A. yuboi – A. yukon – A. yunnanensis – A. yuzhongensis –
Z

A. zapallar – A. zebrinus – A. zelus – A. zhangmu – A. zhaoi – A. zhoui – A. zuluanus – A. zygielloides
Source(s) of checklist:

Check: A. anuncinatus – A. crassipes – A. felinus – A. gazellae – A. henanensis – A. lineaacutus – A. mucronatellus – A. navicula – A. phrygiatus – A. powelli – A. quaesitus – A. queribundus – A. reversus – A. seensis – A. trigonus – A. velutina – A. ventricosellus
Name

Araneus Clerck, 1758: 22

Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by ICZN, 2009: 192.
Has priority over Aranea Linnaeus, 1758 due to Direction 104 (ICZN, 1959)
Gender: [Masculine]
Original status: Valid genus
Type species: Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1758
Fixation: Subsequent designation by Simon (1895: 829)
ZooBank: 5D70A820-B46F-4A3B-AD7E-BAC77B4AB3B8

Synonyms

Amamrotypus Archer, 1951
Type species: Amamrotypus mammatus Allan Frost Archer, 1951
Aranea Linnaeus, 1758
Atea C. L. Koch, 1837
Cambridgepeira Archer, 1951
Cathaistela Archer, 1958
Conaranea Archer, 1951
Conepeira Archer, 1951
Neosconella F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903

References

Clerck, C. 1758 [1757]. Aranei Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX determinati (L. Salvii). Stockholm. Full book Reference page.
ICZN 2009: OPINION 2224 (Case 3371). ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1758, Araneus Clerck, 1758 and Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed conservation. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature 66(2): 192–193. Abstract Full article (PDF) Reference page.
ICZN. 1959. Direction 104. Grant of the status of availability to the names published by C. A. Clerck in 1757 in the work Aranei Svecici and addition of the title of that work to the Official List Of Works Approved as available for use in zoological nomenclature. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 17(3-5): 89–91. BHL.
Mi, X-Q., Li, S-Q. & Pham, D-S. 2023. On five new species of the genera Araneus and Hypsosinga (Araneae, Araneidae) from Vietnam. Zookeys 1161ː 69–87. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1161.102375 Open access Reference page.
Mi, X-Q., Wang, C. & Gan, J-H. 2023. Six new species of the orb-weaver spider genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) and a redescription of A. colubrinus Song & Zhu, 1992 from Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China. Zookeys 1173ː 243–273. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1173.106315 Open access Reference page.
Morano, E. & Bonal, R. 2018. Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 779: 119–145. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.779.26944 Reference page.
Kluge, N.J. 2007: Case 3371. ARANEIDAE Clerck, 1758, Araneus Clerck, 1758 and Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed conservation. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 64(1): 15–18. BHL
Liu, P., Li, S.-L., Mi, X.-Q. & Peng, X.-J. 2022. Three new spider species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) from the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. Zootaxa 5200(6): 576–586. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.5. Paywall. Reference page.
Liu, P., Irfan, M., Yang, S-F. & Peng, X-J. 2019. Two new species of Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) and first description of A. wulongensis male from China. ZooKeys, 886: 61–77. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.886.31163 Open access Reference page.
Mi, X-Q. & Li, S-Q. 2022. On eleven new species of the orb-weaver spider genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Zookeys 1137ː 75–108. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1137.96306 Open access Reference page.
Mi, X-Q., Li, S-Q. & Pham, D-S. 2023. On five new species of the genera Araneus and Hypsosinga (Araneae, Araneidae) from Vietnam. Zookeys 1161ː 69–87. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1161.102375 Open access Reference page.
Simon, E. 1892–1903. Histoire naturelle des araignées
Tanikawa, A. 2020. A new species of Araneus (Araneae: Araneidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 69(1): 11-15. DOI: 10.2476/asjaa.69.11 Open access. Reference page.
Wu, Y-B., Wang, C., Wu, N-F., Zhang, M-F. & Mi, X-Q. 2023. On four new species of the orb-weaver spider genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Araneidae) from southern China. Zookeys 1160ː 169–190. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1160.101594 Open access Reference page.

Araneus is a genus of common orb-weaving spiders. It includes about 650 species, among which are the European garden spider and the barn spider. The genus was erected by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1757.
Description
Marbled orb-weaver (Araneus marmoreus), Temagami, Ontario

Spiders of this genus present perhaps the most obvious case of sexual dimorphism among all of the orb-weaver family, with males being normally 1⁄3 to 1⁄4 the size of females. In A. diadematus, for example, last-molt females can reach the body size up to 1 in (2.5 cm), while most males seldom grow over 0.3 in (1 cm), both excluding leg span. Males are differentiated from females by a much smaller and more elongated abdomen, longer legs, and the inability to catch or consume prey bigger than themselves.

In females, the epigyne has a long scape (a tongue-like appendage). Male pedipalps have a hook-like terminal apophysis. Abdominal tubercles are present anterolaterally.
Taxonomic history
Marbled orb-weaver (Araneus marmoreus)

Araneus was, for much of its history, called Epeira. The latter name is now considered a junior synonym of Araneus, as the latter was published almost 50 years earlier.

Epeira was first coined by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805,[1] for a range of spiders now considered Araneidae (orb-weavers). Over time, a rather diverse set of spiders was grouped under this genus name, including species from the modern families Araneidae, Mimetidae (Mimetus syllepsicus described by Nicholas Marcellus Hentz in 1832), Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae (Theridiosoma gemmosum, described by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1877 as Theridion gemmosum), Titanoecidae (Nurscia albomaculata, described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1846 as Epeira albo-maculata) and Uloboridae (Uloborus glomosus, described by Walckenaer in 1842 as Epeira glomosus).[2] Epeira cylindrica O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 was at a time placed in the Linyphiidae and is considered incertae sedis, as is "Araneus" cylindriformis (Roewer, 1942).

Epeira was synonymized with the genus Aranea by William Elford Leach in 1815, and with Araneus by Eugène Simon in 1904, though this synonymy was not universally recognized.[3]

Throughout the 19th century, Epeira was used as a catch-all genus, similar to the once ubiquitous salticid genus Attus. However, from 1911, to its last mention in 1957, only very few authors continued to use the genus in their publications, notably Franganillo (1913, 1918), Hingston (1932), Kaston (1948), and Marples (1957). Chamberlin and Ivie published a new species, Epeira miniata, in 1944, which was rejected.

Jean-Henri Fabre refers to Argiope spiders as Epeira in his 1928 book The Life of the Spider (La Vie des araignées), within the family "Epeirae". James Henry Emerton also uses the genus Epeira in his 1902 book The Common Spiders of the United States, but refers to spiders mostly now considered Araneus. The popular 1893 book American Spiders and their Spinningwork by Henry Christopher McCook also uses Epeira extensively.

The short documentary Epeira diadema (1952) by Italian director Alberto Ancilotto was nominated for an Oscar in 1953. It is about the spider today known as Araneus diadematus.
Venom

Araneus spider venoms vary in toxicity, but often deliver a dry bite (8 of 10 occasions).[citation needed] Females bite more often than males, which would rather flee or feign death.
See also

List of Araneus species

References

Walckenaer, Charles Athanase (1805): Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris.
Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The World Spider Catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.
Bonnet, Pierre (1955): Bibliographia Araneorum. Vol. 2.