Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Alismatales
Familia: Zosteraceae
Genera: Phyllospadix – Zostera
Name
Zosteraceae Dumort. Anal. Fam. Pl. 65–66. (1829) nom. cons.
Typus: Zostera L. Sp. Pl. 2: 968. (1753)
References
Du Mortier, Barthélemy Charles Joseph 1829. Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent 65–66. Tournay.
Kuo, J. & McComb, A.J. 1998. Zosteraceae. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) 496-502.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Zosteraceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jan. 13. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2013. Zosteraceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Sept. 16.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Zosteraceae. Published online. Accessed: 16 Sept. 2013.
Jacobs, S.W.L. & Lee, D.H. 2009. New combinations in Zostera (Zosteraceae). Telopea 12: 419–423.
Kato, Y.; Aioi, K.; Omori, Y.; Takahata, N. & Satta, Y. 2003. Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanese waters. Genes Genet. Syst. 78: 329–342.
Larkum, Anthony W.D.; Duarte, Carlos; Orth, Robert J., eds 2005. "Taxonomy and biogeorgraphy of seagrasses". Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (New York: Springer-Verlag) ISBN 9781402029424.
Les, D. H.; Moody, M. L.; Jacobs, S. W. L. & Bayer, R. J. 2001. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian seagrasses (family Zosteraceae). P. 123, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]
Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. [1] Version: 04–03-2011; accessed: 05–11-2011.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Seegrasgewächse
English: Seagrass Family
suomi: Ajokaskasvit
Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water,[3] having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of Zostera subgenus Zostera.
Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as monophyletic. The APG II system of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the monocot order Alismatales. The family contains approximately twenty-two species divided between two genera, Phyllospadix and Zostera totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 [4]). Zostera contains three subgenera: Heterozostera (formerly considered a separate genus [5]), Zostera and Zosterella.[6] Zosteraceae is closely related to Potamogetonaceae, a family of freshwater aquatics.
Zosteraceae is a conserved name.
Taxonomy
Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae. Related families: Potamogetonaceae and sometimes including Zannichelliaceae.
| Kubitzki (ed. 1998[7]) | Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[8] | data.kew[9] | APWeb (mobot.org)[10] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zosteraceae | |||
| 1. Zostera L. | Zostera | Zostera L. | Zostera L. (including Heterozostera den Hartog, Macrozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Nanozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Zosterella J. K. Small) |
| 2. Heterozostera den Hartog | Heterozostera | Heterozostera (Setch.) Hartog | (in Zostera) |
| 3. Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix | Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix J. D. Hooker |
| Cymodoceaceae | |||
| 1. Syringodium Kütz | Syringodium | Syringodium Kutz. | (in Cymodocea) |
| 2. Halodule Endl. | Halodule | Halodule Endl. | Halodule Endlicher |
| 3. Cymodocea König | Cymodocea | Cymodocea K.Koenig (including Phycoschoenus (Asch.) Nakai ) | Cymodocea König (including Amphibolis Agardh ?, Syringodium Kütz. ?, Thalassodendron den Hartog ?) |
| 4. Amphibolis Agardh | Amphibolis | Amphibolis C.Agardh (including Pectinella J.M.Black) | (in Cymodocea) |
| 5. Thalassodendron de Hartog | (name not found) | Thalassodendron Hartog | (in Cymodocea) |
| Ruppiaceae | |||
| Ruppia L. | Ruppia | (in Ruppia L. in Potamogetonaceae) | Ruppia L. |
| Posidoniaceae | |||
| Posidonia König | Posidonia | Posidonia K.Koenig | Posidonia König |
| Kubitzki (ed. 1998[11]) | Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[12] | data.kew[13] | APWeb (mobot.org)[14] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potamogetonaceae | |||
| 1. Potamogeton L. | Potamogeton | Potamogeton L. | Potamogeton L. (including Coleogeton Les & Haynes, Stuckenia Börner) |
| 2. Groenlandia J. Gray | Groenlandia | Groenlandia J.Gay | Groenlandia J. Gay |
| (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) | (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) | Ruppia L. | (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) |
| (in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Althenia F.Petit: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.:Zannichelliaceae) | Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey) |
| (in Pseudalthenia including Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Pseudalthenia: Zannichelliaceae and Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) | (Pseudalthenia not found, Vleisia Toml. & Posl.: Zannichelliaceae) | Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia Tomlinson & Posluszny) |
| (in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Zannichellia: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae) | Zannichellia L. |
| Zannichelliaceae | |||
| 1. Zannichellia L. | Zannichellia | Zannichellia L. | (in Zannichellia L.: Potamogetonaceae) |
| 2. Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia) | Pseudalthenia (excluding Vleisia) | (name not found) | (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae) |
| 3. Althenia Petit (excluding Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv.) | Althenia (excluding Lepilaena) | Althenia F.Petit (excluding Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.) | Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey) |
| 4. Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv. | Lepilaena | Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv. | (in Althenia Petit) |
| (in Pseudalthenia) | Vleisia | Vleisia Toml. & Posl. | (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae) |
References
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Dumortier (1829). Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent. Tournay.
Ackerman, JD (1997). "Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) I: The influence of floral morphology on fluid flow". American Journal of Botany. Botanical Society of America. 84 (8): 1099–1109. doi:10.2307/2446153. JSTOR 2446153. PMID 21708665. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Jacobs, S.W.L.; Lee, D.H. (2009). "New combinations in Zostera (Zosteraceae)". Telopea. 12 (3): 419–423. doi:10.7751/telopea20095827.
Les, D.H., Moody, M.L., Jacob, S.W.L. and Bayer, R.J. (2002). "Systematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand" (abstract). Systematic Botany. 27 (3): 468–484. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.3.468 (inactive 31 May 2021).
Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm
"Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Cymodoceaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Cymodoceaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)
Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm
"Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Potamogetonaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Potamogetonaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)
Further reading
Waycott, M, McMahon, K, Lavery, P 2014, A Guide to Southern Temperate Seagrasses, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, ISBN 9781486300150
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