Wisteria floribunda

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Wisterieae
Genus: Wisteria
Species: Wisteria floribunda
Name

Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: 390. (1825) (emend. Compton et al. (2019) & Compton & Lane (2019))
Synonyms

Basionym
Glycine floribunda Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 3(2): 1066 (1802), nom. cons.
Type: Japan, Aoyama, Suma Kobe city, 10 May 1967, M. Hotta 16502 (Neotype, designated by Compton & Lack 2012: K; isoneotypes: P, L, E).
Homotypic
Phaseoloides floribundum (Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 202 (1891).
Kraunhia floribunda (Willd.) Taub. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 271 (1894).
Millettia floribunda (Willd.) Matsum., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 64 (1902).
Kraunhia sinensis var. floribunda (Willd.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 298 (1910).
Rehsonia floribunda (Willd.) Stritch, Phytologia 56: 183 (1984).
Heterotypic
Dolichos japonicus Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 3: 252 (1826), nom. illeg.
Wisteria macrobotrys Siebold ex Lemoine, Catalogue et Prix Courant no. 56: 5 (1869).
Type: [Icon] Neubert Deutsches Gartenmagazin für Garten und Blumenkunde 23: 17 (1870), (lectotype, designated by Compton & Thijsse 2015)
Wisteria sinensis var. macrobotrys (Siebold ex Lemoine) Lavallée, Énum. Arbres: 65 (1877)
Wisteria floribunda f. macrobotrys (Siebold ex Lemoine) Rehder & E.H.Wilson, Publ. Arnold Arb. 4: 513 (1916)
Kraunhia floribunda var. macrobotrys (Siebold ex Lemoine) Nash, J. New York Bot. Gard. 20: 14 (1919).
Wisteria floribunda var. macrobotrys (Siebold ex Lemoine) L.H.Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl.: 417 (1923).
Wisteria multijuga Van Houtte, Ann. Gén. Hort. 19: 126 (1870).
Type: [Icon] Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 19: 125 (1874) (lectotype, designated by Compton & Lack (2012))
Glycine multijuga (Van Houtte) Clémenc., Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 300 (1874),
Wisteria sinensis var. multijuga (Van Houtte) H.Jaeger & Beissn., Ziergehölze Gart. Park., ed. 3: 425 (1889).
Wisteria polystachios f. multijuga (Van Houtte) Beissn., Schelle & Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 269 (1903).
Wisteria floribunda f. multijuga (Van Houtte) J.Compton & Thijsse, Bot. Mag., n.s., 32: 352 (2015).
Wisteria koreana Uyeki, Not. Dendrol. Kor. 1: 1 (1935).
Millettia japonica f. microphylla (Makino) T.Yamanaka & H.Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 72: 310 (1997).
Wisteria japonica f. microphylla (Makino) H.Ohashi, Fl. Jap. 2b: 235 (2001).
Dolichos polystachyos Thunb., Fl. Jap.: 281 (1784).
Kraunhia sinensis var. pleniflora Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 299 (1910).
Wisteria floribunda f. pleniflora (Makino) J.Compton & C.Lane, Wisteria: 281 (2019).
Rehsonia nipponica Stritch, Phytologia 56: 184 (1984).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: China
China North-Central, China Southeast.
Regional: Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Ogasawara-shoto (introduced)
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois.
Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Tennessee.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

De Candolle, A.P. 1825. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 2: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 644 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. : 390

Additional references

Compton, J.A. & Lack, H.W. 2012. The discovery, naming and typification of Wisteria floribunda and W. brachybotrys (Fabaceae) with notes on associated names. Willdenowia 42(2): 219–240. DOI: 10.3372/wi.42.42207 Open access Reference page.
Compton, J.A. & Thijsse, G. 2013. The type of Wisteria japonica (Fabaceae): Research into material for new names published in the first section of Siebold and Zuccarini’s Flora Japonica. Willdenowia 43(1): 113–120. DOI: 10.3372/wi.43.43113 Open access Reference page.
Compton, J.A. & Thijsse G. 2015. Wisteria floribunda with the tortuous tale of the Japanese Wisteria with the longest racemes. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 32(3–4): 312–356. DOI: 10.1111/curt.12114 Paywall Reference page.
Compton, J.A., Schrire, B.D., Könyves, K., Forest, F., Malakasi, P., Mattapha, S. & Sirichamorn, Y. 2019. The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. PhytoKeys 125: 1–112. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.125.34877 Open access. Reference page.
Compton, J.A. & Lane, C. 2019. Wisteria. The Complete Guide. (RHS horticultural monograph 3). Royal Horticultural Society Peterborough, London. ISBN 978-1-907057-88-5 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Wisteria floribunda in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 21. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Wisteria floribunda. Published online. Accessed: Jun 21 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Wisteria floribunda. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 21.
Hassler, M. 2021. Wisteria floribunda. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 Jun 21. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Wisteria floribunda. Accessed: 21 Jun 2021.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Wisteria floribunda in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
English: Japanese Wisteria
suomi: Japaninsinisade, ryöppysinisade
日本語: フジ（藤）, ノダフジ（野田藤）
українська: Гліцинія японська

Wisteria floribunda, common name Japanese wisteria (藤, fuji), is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Japan.[1] Growing to 9 m (30 ft), it is a woody, deciduous twining climber. It was first brought from Japan to the United States in the 1830s.[2][3] Since then, it has become one of the most highly romanticized flowering garden plants. It is also a common subject for bonsai, along with Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria).

The flowering habit of Japanese wisteria is perhaps the most spectacular of the Wisteria genus. It sports the longest flower racemes of any wisteria; they can reach nearly half a meter in length. These racemes burst into great trails of clustered white, pink, violet, or blue flowers in early- to mid-spring. The flowers carry a distinctive fragrance similar to that of grapes. The early flowering time of Japanese wisteria can cause problems in temperate climates, where early frosts can destroy the coming years' flowers. It will also flower only after passing from juvenile to adult stage, a transition that may take many years just like its cousin Chinese wisteria.

Japanese wisteria can grow over 30 metres (98 ft) long over many supports via powerful clockwise-twining stems. The foliage consists of shiny, dark-green, pinnately compound leaves 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in length. The leaves bear 9-13 oblong leaflets that are each 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) long. It also bears numerous poisonous, brown, velvety, bean-like seed pods 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long that mature in summer and persist until winter. Japanese wisteria prefers moist soils and full sun in USDA plant hardiness zones 5-9.[4] The plant often lives over 50 years.

Cultivars

Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

'Burford' agm[5] — pale violet with purple keel
'Domino' agm[6] - pale lilac
'Hon-beni' or 'Rosea' agm[7] - pale rose flowers tipped purple, 18 in (46 cm) long
'Issai Perfect' - light lavender flowers
'Ito Koku Riu' or 'Royal Purple' - dark blue or violet flowers, lightly scented, long clustered bunches, 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long
'Jako' or 'Ivory Tower'
'Kimono' agm[8]
'Kokuryu' agm[9] - violet, scented
'Kuchibeni' or 'Carnea' - pink flower
'Lawrence' agm[10] - pale violet flowers, deeper violet keel and wings
'Longissima Kyushaku' - mauve-purple flowers on a raceme up to 6 ft (1.8 m)[11] or even 7 feet (2.1 m)[12] in length
'Macrobotrys' or 'Longissima' - reddish-violet flower clusters 1 m (3.3 ft) or longer
'Macrobotrys Cascade' - white and pinkish-purple flowers, vigorous grower
'Nana Richins Purple' - purple flowers
'Nishiki' - variegated foliage
'Plena' or 'Violaceae Plena' - double blue flowers in dense clusters
'Praecox' or 'Domino' - purple flowers
'Purpurea' - unknown - may be Wisteria sinensis 'Consequa', sometimes labeled purpurea
'Rubra' - unknown - may be 'Honbeni' - sometimes labeled as Rubrum - deep pink to red flowers
'Shiro-noda' (W. floribunda f' alba) agm[13] - long white flower clusters
'Texas Purple' - may be a sinensis or a hybrid, short racemes, purple flowers, produced while the plant is still young
'Violacea Plena' - double violet flowers, rosette-shaped
'White with Blue Eye' - also known as 'Sekines Blue' - very fragrant[14]
'Yae-kokuryu' agm[15]
References

"Japanese wisteria". Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
"Wisteria floribunda, W. sinensis". United States Forest Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
"Japanese Wisteria". National Park Service. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
Purple Patches Japanese Wisteria (includes some growth conditions and US region map) www.monrovia.com, accessed 13 May 2020
"Wisteria × valderi 'Burford'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Wisteria floribunda 'Domino'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
"RHS Plant Selector - Wisteria floribunda 'Hon-beni'". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
"Wisteria floribunda 'Kimono'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"'Wisteria floribunda 'Kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
"Wisteria floribunda 'Lawrence'". RHS. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
"Creator's Palette- pictures of Wisteria floribunda Longissima". www.creatorspalette.com. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
<not stated> (December 7, 1929). "Title not noted". Gardener's Chronicle. 86 (3rd series) (4641): 446–447.
"Wisteria floribunda f. alba 'Shiro-noda'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
Peter, Valder (1995). Wisterias : a comprehensive guide. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0881923184. OCLC 32647814.
"Wisteria floribunda 'Yae-kokuryu'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.