Vigna

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Fabales

Familia: Fabaceae
Subfamilia: Faboideae
Tribus: Phaseoleae
Subtribus: Phaseolinae
Genus: Vigna
Subgenera: V. subg. Catiang – V. subg. Ceratotropis – V. subg. Dolichovigna – V. subg. Haydonia – V. subg. Lasiospron – V. subg. Plectrotropis – V. subg. Vigna
Species: V. aconitifolia – V. ambacensis – V. angivensis – V. angularis – V. antunesii – V. bequaertii – V. bosseri – V. bourneae – V. clarkei – V. comosa – V. dalzelliana – V. debanensis – V. dolomitica – V. exilis – V. filicaulis – V. fischeri – V. friesiorum – V. frutescens – V. gazensis – V. glabrescens – V. gracilicaulis – V. gracilis – V. grandiflora – V. hainiana – V. halophila – V. haumaniana – V. heterophylla – V. hirtella – V. hosei – V. indica – V. jaegeri – V. juncea – V. juruana – V. keraudrenii – V. khandalensis – V. kirkii – V. kokii – V. konkanensis – V. lanceolata – V. lasiocarpa – V. laurentii – V. lobatifolia – V. lonchophylla – V. longifolia – V. longissima – V. luteola – V. malayana – V. marina – V. membranacea – V. mendesii – V. microsperma – V. mildbraedii – V. minima – V. monantha – V. monophylla – V. mudenia – V. mukerjeeanus – V. multinervis – V. mungo – V. myrtifolia – V. nepalensis – V. nervosa – V. nigritia – V. nuda – V. nyangensis – V. oblongifolia – V. owahuensis – V. pandeyana – V. parkeri – V. phoenix – V. platyloba – V. procera – V. pseudovenulosa – V. pubigera – V. pygmaea – V. racemosa – V. radiata – V. radicans – V. ramanniana – V. reflexopilosa – V. reticulata – V. richardsiae – V. sahyadriana – V. sathishiana – V. schimperi – V. schlechteri – V. somaliensis – V. stenophylla – V. suberecta – V. subramaniana – V. subterranea – V. tenuicaulis – V. tisserantiana – V. trichocarpa – V. trilobata – V. triodiophila – V. triphylla – V. truxillensis – V. umbellata – V. unguiculata – V. venulosa – V. verdcourtii – V. vexillata – V. wittei – V. yadavii
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Vigna in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 23. Reference page.

Name

Vigna Savi, Nuovo Giorn. Lett., ser. 3, 8: 113. 1824, nom. cons.

Type species: V. glabra Savi, nom. illeg.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Haydonia R.Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 24: 405. 1954.
Type species: H. monophylla (Taub.) R.Wilczek
Liebrechtsia De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Ser. 4. 1: 70. 1902.
Type species: L. esculenta Baker
Azukia Takah. ex Ohwi
Callicysthus Endl.
Dolichovigna Hayata
Geolobus Raf.
Phasellus Medik.
Plectrotropis Schumach. & Thonn.
Rudua Maek.
Scytalis E.Mey.
Voandzeia Thouars

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Tropics & Subtropics to China
Alabama, Aldabra, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Bolivia, Borneo, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Central American Pac, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Cocos (Keeling) Is., Colombia, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, Free State, French Guiana, Gabon, Galápagos, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gilbert Is., Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jawa, Kazan-retto, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laccadive Is., Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Manchuria, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Ogasawara-shoto, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rwanda, Réunion, Samoa, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vietnam, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Western Australia, Windward Is., Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
Extinct in:
Socotra
Introduced into:
Algeria, Arkansas, Bermuda, Christmas I., Illinois, Inner Mongolia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Libya, Mississippi, North Caucasus, Oman, Primorye, Qinghai, Sakhalin, South European Russia, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Savi, G. 1824. Nuovo Giornale dei Letterati 8: 113.

Additional references

Delgado Salinas, A., Thulin, M., Pasquet, R.S., Weeden, N. & Lavin, M. 2011. Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: The names and identities of the American segregate genera. American Journal of Botany 98(10): 1694–1715. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100069 PDF Reference page.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Vigna in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 23. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Vigna. Published online. Accessed: May 23 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Vigna. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 24.
Hassler, M. 2021. Vigna. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 24. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Vigna. Accessed: 24 May 2021.

Vernacular names
العربية: لوبياء
English: cowpea
suomi: Pitkäpavut
日本語: ササゲ属
한국어: 동부속
lietuvių: Pupuolė
polski: Garbipłat
русский: Вигна
svenska: Vignabönssläktet
українська: Вігна
Tiếng Việt: Chi Đậu
中文: 豇豆属

Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.[1] It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

Vigna is also commonly confused with the genus Dolichos, but the two differ in stigma structure.[2]

Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.[3]

Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (V. angularis), the black gram (V. mungo), the cowpea (V. unguiculata, including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the mung bean (V. radiata). Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as bean sprouts.

The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century Italian botanist and director of the Orto botanico di Pisa.[4]

Uses

Root tubers of Vigna species have traditionally been used as food for Aborigines of the Northern Territory.[5]
Selected species
Vigna luteola
Vigna marina

The genus Vigna contains at least 90 species,[1][3][6] including:
Subgenus Ceratotropis

Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—adzuki bean, red bean
Vigna angularis var. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna hirtella Ridley
Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean
Vigna mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul
Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea
Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) Wilczek
Vigna radiata var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc.
Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata—Creole-bean
Vigna reflexopilosa var. reflexopilosa Hayata
Vigna reflexopilosa var. glabra Tomooka & Maxted
Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna stipulacea Kuntze
Vigna subramaniana (Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma
Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted
Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea
Vigna trinervia (Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean

Subgenus Haydonia

Vigna monophylla Taub.
Vigna nigritia Hook. f.
Vigna schimperi Baker
Vigna triphylla (R. Wilczek) Verdc.

Subgenus Lasiospron

Vigna diffusa (Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc.
Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.
Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.
Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
Vigna schottii (Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc.
Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado
Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea
Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia
Vigna vexillata var. youngiana

Subgenus Vigna

Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Bak.
Vigna angivensis Baker
Vigna filicaulis Hepper
Vigna friesiorum Harms
Vigna gazensis Baker f.
Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer—Sarawak-bean
Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.—Dalrymple vigna
Vigna membranacea A. Rich.
Vigna membranacea subsp. caesia (Chiov.) Verdc.
Vigna membranacea subsp. membranacea A. Rich.
Vigna monantha Thulin
Vigna racemosa (G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, njugumawe (Swahili) (sometimes separated in Voandzeia)
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica—catjang
Vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis—yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata—black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean

Incertae sedis

Vigna comosa
Vigna dalzelliana
Vigna debilis Fourc.
Vigna decipiens
Vigna dinteri Harms
Vigna dolichoides Baker in Hooker f.
Vigna frutescens
Vigna gracilis
Vigna kirkii
Vigna lanceolata—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, merne arlatyeye (Arrernte)
Vigna lobata (Willd.) Endl.
Vigna lobatifolia
Vigna marina (Burm.f.) Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, mohihihi, nanea (Hawaiian)
Vigna multiflora
Vigna nervosa
Vigna oblongifolia
Vigna owahuensis Vogel—Oahu cowpea
Vigna parkeri—creeping vigna
Vigna pilosa

References

Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012). Section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of Vigna (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats. Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Rheedea 22(1), 20-27.
Charles Vancouver Piper (1912). Agricultural Varieties of the Cowpea and Immediately Related Species. Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
Vigna. Flora of China.
Charters, M. Plant Names T-Z. The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.
NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot. 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID 21980163.